The Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CHSA) provided an opportunity to examine the positive aspects of aging. CHSA-2 included the 18-item Ryff multidimensional measure of well-being, which taps six core theoretical dimensions of positive psychological functioning. The measure was administered to 4,960 seniors without severe cognitive impairment or dementia at CSHA-2. Intercorrelations across scales were generally low. At the same time, the internal consistency reliability of each of the 6 subscales was not found to be high. Confirmatory factor analyses provide support for a 6-factor model, although some items demonstrate poor factor loadings. The well-being measures in CSHA-2 provide an opportunity to examine broad, descriptive patterns of well-being in Canadian seniors.

Nous avons examiné la sécurité du revenu subjective chez les Canadiens de 45 ans et plus à l'aide de données quantitatives. Nous avons étudié la relation entre les variables démographiques, socio-économiques et socio-psychologiques et la sécurité du revenu par le biais d'analyses multidimensionnelles, notamment la possibilité d'une insatisfaction à l'égard du revenu actuel ou prévu. Notre examen porte sur plusieurs résultats imprévus reliés aux effets de l'âge, de la situation maritale et du sexe sur la sécurité du revenu subjective. Cinq théories socio-psychologiques pourraient contribuer à l'explication de ces résultats: la théorie de l'aspiration, la théorie du groupe de référence, la théorie de l'équité, l'examen de la vie et la théorie de la socialisation et de l'identité. Bien que ces théories ne puissent être vérifiées en partant des données utilisées, elles fournissent une orientation de recherche éventuelle. Nous concluons que l'évaluation subjective du revenu adéquat ne doit pas constituer le fondement de l'établissement des politiques sociales de la redistribution du revenu.

While aging is associated with increased health problems and disability, most seniors subjectively rate their health positively, and view aging as a positive period of life evaluation, increased wisdom and maturity. The somewhat paradoxical nature of these findings suggests that later life well-being is multidimensional and variable. Drawing on data from a nationally representative survey, this paper describes the subjective well-being of a sample of Canadian seniors, using the Ryff multidimensional measure of well-being, and investigates the effects of various demographic, health and socio-economic conditions on reported levels of well-being. Seniors’ well-being is robust in terms of the dimension of autonomy, which is resilient to the physical and social circumstances of later life. But, as seniors age, they experience declines in their sense of purpose in life and opportunities for personal growth, in part, due to socio-economic factors. Good health and functional status are important for seniors’ sense of mastery over their surrounding world.

Data from the Survey on Ageing and Independence are employed to test the relationship between stress, integration in close family and friend networks, and well-being with a particular emphasis on parent status. The dependent variables used in this analysis are, whether individuals have a close family member or a close friend, the number of reported close relatives and friends, life stress, and the affect balance scale. It is hypothesized that the zero order relationship often found between parent status and well-being may be due to (1) a fundamental difference in the social support experiences of older parents and older childless individuals, (2) different levels of stress among these groups, or (3) the potential of friends to be of greater importance in assuring well-being in older age than family. Results show that childless persons are less likely than parents to have at least one close family member and they have fewer close relatives. No parent status differences are found regarding the likelihood of having a close friend or in the number of close friends individuals have. Compared to parents, childless individuals experience less life stress and similar levels of well-being. Finally, the nature of the stress-support-well-being relationship appears to be the same regardless of parent status.

Social Models of aging deal with changes over the life course. Using a loose definition of model, this paper reviews models under the following classification: Allocation models; Construction of the Life Course models; Personality and Socialization models; and Negotiation models. Differences between and within these models are explored, with particular reference to the issue of determinism and the conceptualization of social structure. The life course perspective is recognized as hegemonic in contemporary theorizing about aging, but it is seen as itself embracing diverse models.

This paper examines social interaction among seniors in Bermuda, the relationship of various interaction variables with psychological or emotional well-being, and caregiving. The data come from the first ever social science survey conducted among seniors in this country. The findings are compared with selected industrialised countries. Bermudian seniors have strong social ties, somewhat stronger than have been reported in other developed nations. Overwhelmingly, perceived health is related to life satisfaction and functional disability is related to self-esteem among Bermudian seniors. The lack of relationship with social support may well be due to the lack of variation in social support, with virtually everyone having strong social ties. Informal assistance is strong in Bermuda as has been demonstrated for seniors elsewhere. Similarly, the predictors of informal assistance were no surprise, including functional disability, perceptions of health, and having a household member. That is, Bermudian seniors were somewhat distinctive, particularly in their strong social ties, but otherwise appear to be quite similar to seniors in other developed nations. Their geographical isolation and relative small size are believed to be related to their strong social network.

This study descriptively compares two older Canadian seasonal migrant populations in Florida: anglophones and francophones. It is based on two surveys, an anglophone survey conducted in 1986 and a non-probability survey of francophones in 1988. This exploratory study suggests that there may be little variation in the demographic profiles, migration experience and behaviour, living arrangements and social networks between the two types of seasonal migrants. The differences that do emerge, however, are interesting. There were strikingly different settlement patterns in Florida, and the francophones were more youthful and had larger families, contributing to larger social support networks.

Cet article traite des problèmes vécus par les families dont un proche parent réside dans un hôpital de soins aigus et se trouvent en attente de placement dans un établissement de soins prolongés. Les données ont été recueillies dans un grand hôpital universitaire de Toronto. On a demandé à 84 aidants, membres de la famille et des proches du patient, de décrire les problèmes qu'ils ont vécus à la suite de son hospitalisation. Les problèmes énumérés étaient d'ordre personnel, familial et se trouvaient directement reliés à la situation du patient, à l'hôpital. Les problèmes ont été analysés en fonction du statut des aidants: conjoint(e), enfant ou simplement parent. Plus encore que les autres catégories d'aidants, les conjoint(e)s ont eu tendance à faire état de problèmes financiers ou encore du sentiment de ne pas se sentir écouté(e) par l'équipe de soin. Quant aux enfants ou aux autres parents, ils ont été portés, plus que les conjoint(e)s, à signaler des problèmes reliés à la famille élargie et aux situations conflictuelles nées de leurs multiples rôles et responsabilités.