OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Greater blood pressure (BP) reactivity and socioeconomic deprivation (e.g., area deprivation index; ADI) are associated with poor vascular health [1-3]. However, it is unclear if ADI is associated with BP reactivity. Thus, we sought to examine if ADI is associated with BP reactivity in young adults. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants completed questionnaires used to derive lifetime ADI averaged from early-, mid-childhood, and adolescence. Participants completed a handgrip (HG) exercise protocol including 10 minutes of rest, 2 minutes of static HG at 40% of their maximal voluntary contraction, 3 minutes of post-exercise ischemia (PEI), and 2 minutes of recovery (REC). Beat-to-beat BP (photoplethysmography) and heartrate (HR; electrocardiogram) were continually assessed. We used the Shapiro-Wilk test to assess data for normality. We examined associations between ADI, BP reactivity, and HR using unadjusted and body mass index (BMI), sex, and race-adjusted Pearson’s correlation (set a priori to 0.05). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: This study included 53 (27Males/26Females; 21 ± 1 years; 24Black/29White; BP 107 ± 9/64 ± 9 mmHg) participants. There were racial differences (Black compared to White adults) for several BP reactivity metrics (e.g., PEI minute 3 diastolic BP: 96 ± 15 vs. 84 ± 19 mmHg, p=0.014) and lifetime ADI (p0.050). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggest racial differences exist in socioeconomic deprivation in a modestly sized young adult sample living in the southeast. While additional data are needed for other stressors, socioeconomic deprivation was not independently associated with BP or HR reactivity during acute exercise.

We record 392 species or morphospecies of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) for Manitoba, Canada, which is 154 more species than reported in 2015 and includes five new generic records since 2015 (Ashmeadiella, Brachymelecta, Eucera, Neolarra, and Triepeolus). Thirteen new records reported here are new for Canada: Calliopsis (Nomadopsis) australior Cockerell, Perdita (Perdita) tridentata Stevens, Brachymelecta interrupta (Cresson), Diadasia (Dasiapis) ochracea (Cockerell), Melissodes bidentis Cockerell, Nomada crawfordi crawfordi Cockerell, Nomada fuscicincta Swenk, Nomada sphaerogaster Cockerell, Nomada xantholepis Cockerell, Triepeolus cf. grindeliae Cockerell, Dianthidium (Dianthidium) parvum (Cresson), Coelioxys (Xerocoelioxys) nodis Baker, and Megachile (Megachiloides) dakotensis Mitchell. We remove the following species from the list of Manitoba bees based on re-examination of voucher material: Andrena (Ptilandrena) geranii Robertson, Andrena (Rhacandrena) robertsonii Dalla Torre, Andrena (Simandrena) nasonii Robertson, Andrena (Trachandrena) ceanothi Viereck, Andrena (Trachandrena) quintilis Robertson, Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) pectoraloides (Cockerell), Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) forbesii (Robertson), and Dianthidium (Dianthidium) concinnum (Cresson). We propose that Nomada alpha paralpha Cockerell, 1921 and N. alpha dialpha Cockerell, 1921 are junior synonyms of N. alpha Cockerell, 1905. Nomada arenicola Swenk, 1912 is considered a junior synonym of N. fervida Smith, 1854. Protandrena albertensis (Cockerell) and Neolarra mallochi Michener are recognised as valid species. We provide additional notes on taxonomy, nomenclature, and behaviour for select species in the list.

From 2014 to 2020, we compiled radiocarbon ages from the lower 48 states, creating a database of more than 100,000 archaeological, geological, and paleontological ages that will be freely available to researchers through the Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database. Here, we discuss the process used to compile ages, general characteristics of the database, and lessons learned from this exercise in “big data” compilation.

In April 2019, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) released its recovery plan for the jaguar Panthera onca after several decades of discussion, litigation and controversy about the status of the species in the USA. The USFWS estimated that potential habitat, south of the Interstate-10 highway in Arizona and New Mexico, had a carrying capacity of c. six jaguars, and so focused its recovery programme on areas south of the USA–Mexico border. Here we present a systematic review of the modelling and assessment efforts over the last 25 years, with a focus on areas north of Interstate-10 in Arizona and New Mexico, outside the recovery unit considered by the USFWS. Despite differences in data inputs, methods, and analytical extent, the nine previous studies found support for potential suitable jaguar habitat in the central mountain ranges of Arizona and New Mexico. Applying slightly modified versions of the USFWS model and recalculating an Arizona-focused model over both states provided additional confirmation. Extending the area of consideration also substantially raised the carrying capacity of habitats in Arizona and New Mexico, from six to 90 or 151 adult jaguars, using the modified USFWS models. This review demonstrates the crucial ways in which choosing the extent of analysis influences the conclusions of a conservation plan. More importantly, it opens a new opportunity for jaguar conservation in North America that could help address threats from habitat losses, climate change and border infrastructure.