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6 results

  • 2 - Treat with Meat: Protein, Palatability and Pernicious Anaemia in the 1920s–30s

  • from Part 1 - Meat and Therapeutics
  • Edited by David Cantor, Christian Bonah, Matthias Dörries
  • Book: Meat, Medicine and Human Health in the Twentieth Century
  • Published by: Pickering & Chatto
  • Published online: 05 December 2014, pp 47-62

  • Summary

    In the early 1920s patients diagnosed with pernicious anaemia faced a difficult future. The symptoms of the disease included weakness, pallor and yellowness of the skin and fatigue; patients experienced palpitations of the heart and breathlessness when they attempted physical effort, troubling disturbances of the digestive system, including sore mouth, sore tongue, vomiting and diarrhoea, and numbness of the lower extremities. Even worse, most patients died within one to two years after learning about their disease. As science writer Paul de Kruif memorably remarked ‘in 1925 being told you had pernicious anaemia meant the undertaker for you more surely than if the governor had signed your death warrant for first degree murder’.

    By the end of the decade, however, the picture of pernicious anaemia had drastically changed. In 1930 life insurance statisticians reported that mortality from the disease among white persons between the ages of fifty-five and seventy-four had been reduced by 50 per cent. This dramatic change did not result from ‘some extremely complicated deep science out of a white-tile-and-glass-door-knob laboratory and cooked by some abstruse highbrow investigator’. Instead the solution to the problem was feeding patients a food category that most Americans had regarded with scant enthusiasm, the so-called organ meats or ‘edible viscera’ – heart, kidney and especially liver of animals. As physician William Murphy recalled, liver was regarded as ‘cat food’, barely palatable and ‘hardly digestible for a human being, particularly a sick one’.

  • Determinants of middle-school students asking parents for fruits and vegetables: a theory-based salient belief elicitation

  • Susan E Middlestadt, Alyssa M Lederer, Nicole K Smith, Darleesa Doss, Chia-Ling Hung, Laurel D Stevenson, Alyce D Fly
  • Journal: Public Health Nutrition / Volume 16 / Issue 11 / November 2013
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 October 2012, pp. 1971-1978
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  • Objective

    Despite the benefits of fruit and vegetable intake, many young Americans do not consume them at adequate levels. The present study sought to determine the beliefs that children have about asking their parents to have fruits and vegetables available at home in order to better understand the role children may play in influencing their own fruit and vegetable consumption.

    Design

    An instrument utilizing the Reasoned Action Approach, with closed-ended questions on demographic and behavioural variables and open-ended questions eliciting the belief structure underlying asking parents to make fruits and vegetables available, was distributed. Thematic and frequency analyses were performed for open-ended questions. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess differences between children who had v. had not asked for fruits and vegetables.

    Setting

    Three middle schools in rural Indiana, USA.

    Subjects

    A sub-sample of sixty students aged 12–15 years from a larger study of 344 students.

    Results

    Qualitative analysis identified benefits (i.e. make me healthier; make parents happy), disadvantages (i.e. will upset my parents) and strategies (i.e. asking when you are at the store) that could be used to improve fruit and vegetable intake. Findings also revealed that students who asked their parents for fruits and vegetables were significantly more likely to perform several healthy eating and physical activity behaviours.

    Conclusions

    Data suggest that young people's view of parental reactions is critical. While additional research is necessary, the findings support a role for children in shaping their own environment and suggest multilevel interventions that simultaneously address parents and children.

  • Going for the Burn: Medical Preparedness in Early Cold War America

  • Susan E. Lederer
  • Journal: Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics / Volume 39 / Issue 1 / Spring 2011
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 January 2021, pp. 48-53
  • Print publication: Spring 2011

  • On September 23, 1949, President Harry Truman announced that the Soviet Union had successfully detonated an atomic bomb. The news that the Soviet Union had done this came as little surprise to a number of American scientists and to some members of the intelligence community who had predicted that the Soviets would quickly acquire this advanced weapons technology. But for many Americans this news was disturbing. Truman’s announcement was taken up by, among others, a young Baptist evangelist named Billy Graham. Opening a tent revival in Los Angeles just two days after the President’s report, Graham preached how the news of the Soviet bomb test had “startled the world” and launched an “arms race unprecedented in the history of the world.” President Truman, he informed his listeners, said that we “must be prepared for any eventuality at any hour….” Perhaps even more ominously he asked the crowd, “Do you know the area that is marked out for the enemy’s first atomic bomb? New York! Secondly, Chicago; and thirdly, the city of Los Angeles!” It was not only evangelical preachers who foresaw catastrophic implications from a growing arsenal of atomic weapons.