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20 results

Brain Repair After Stroke
  • Edited by Steven C. Cramer, Randolph J. Nudo
  • Published online:
    10 November 2010
    Print publication:
    28 October 2010
  • Increasing evidence identifies the possibility of restoring function to the damaged brain via exogenous therapies. One major target for these advances is stroke, where most patients can be left with significant disability. Treatments have the potential to improve the victim's quality of life significantly and reduce the time and expense of rehabilitation. Brain Repair After Stroke reviews the biology of spontaneous brain repair after stroke in animal models and in humans. Detailed chapters cover the many forms of therapy being explored to promote brain repair and consider clinical trial issues in this context. This book provides a summary of the neurobiology of innate and treatment-induced repair mechanisms after hypoxia and reviews the state of the art for human therapeutics in relation to promoting behavioral recovery after stroke. Essential reading for stroke physicians, neurologists, rehabilitation physicians and neuropsychologists.

  • Reproducibility and validity of bioimpedance spectroscopy for tracking changes in total body water: implications for repeated measurements

  • Jordan R. Moon, Jeffrey R. Stout, Abbie E. Smith, Sarah E. Tobkin, Christopher M. Lockwood, Kristina L. Kendall, Jennifer L. Graef, David H. Fukuda, Pablo B. Costa, Matt S. Stock, Kaelin C. Young, Patrick S. Tucker, Eonho Kim, Trent J. Herda, Ashley A. Walter, Steven L. Ferguson, Vanessa D. Sherk, Joel T. Cramer
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 104 / Issue 9 / 14 November 2010
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 July 2010, pp. 1384-1394
    Print publication:
    14 November 2010
    • Article
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  • Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) has been used to track changes in total body water (TBW). Accurate TBW estimations can be influenced by both methodological and biological factors. One methodological variation that contributes to BIS TBW errors is the electrode placement. The purpose of the present study was to compare the reproducibility and validity of fixed-distance electrode placements (5 cm) with the standard single-site electrode placements. Twenty-nine subjects (fifteen men and fourteen women) participated in the reproducibility study, while sixty-nine subjects (thirty-three men and thirty-six women) participated in the validity study. The reproducibility study included two measurements that were taken 24 h apart, while the validity study consisted of a 12-week exercise intervention with measurements taken at weeks 1 and 12. TBW was estimated using BIS and 2H techniques. Reproducibility results indicated that fixed-distance electrodes reduced the day-to-day standard error of the measurement in men (from 1·13 to 0·81 litres) but not in women (0·47 litres). sem values were lower for women than for men, suggesting that BIS TBW estimates are sex dependent. Validity results produced similar accurate findings (mean difference < 0·21 litres). However, fixed-distance electrodes improved delta TBW errors (mean difference improvements>0·04 litres in men, women, and men and women combined). When tracking changes in TBW, fixed-distance electrodes may reduce reproducibility errors and allow for smaller changes to be detected. However, the reduction of reproducibility errors may be greater for men than for women. Therefore, reproducibility calculations should be based on the sex of the sample population.

  • 64 - PARADOXICAL EMBOLISM AND STROKE

  • from PART VI: - NONINFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE ARTERIAL WALL
  • Edited by Louis R. Caplan, Julien Bogousslavsky
  • Book:
    Uncommon Causes of Stroke
    Published online:
    06 January 2010
    Print publication:
    09 October 2008, pp 483-490

  • Summary

    Sweet's syndrome (SS), also referred to as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is characterized by a constellation of symptoms and findings: fever, neutrophilia, erythematous and tender skin lesions that typically show an upper dermal infiltrate of mature neutrophils, and prompt improvement of both symptoms and lesions after the initiation of treatment with systemic corticosteroids. Many instances are related to lympho proliferative disorders such as acute and chronic leukemia, acute and chronic lymphatic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, polycythemia vera, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and other diseases of the hematopoietic system. Encephalitis and meningitis were the most common neurological manifestations. An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and peripheral leukocytosis with neutrophilia are the most consistent laboratory findings in SS. The standard therapy is administration of prednisone or prednisolone at an initial dose of 0.5-1.5 mg/kg body weight with a subsequent slow reduction over 2-4 weeks.