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83 results

Page 1 of 5

  • Decomposing Firm Performance in Emerging Markets: The Difference Between Growth and Profit

  • Nan Zhou, Seung Ho Park
  • Journal:
    Management and Organization Review / Volume 20 / Issue 2 / April 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 January 2024, pp. 316-335
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  • This study adopts the resource-based view (RBV) to explain the difference in firm profit and growth determinants. We argue that profit is driven more by valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable (VRIN) resources, and growth is driven more by versatile resources. Since some versatile resources, such as cash, are less firm-specific, the firm effect is more critical in determining profit than growth. We also expect that emerging market firms are more capable of utilizing versatile resources than developed market firms, and developed market firms are more capable of utilizing VRIN resources than emerging market firms. As a result, the determinants of firm performance also differ between emerging and developed markets. The study employs multilevel mixed models to decompose firm performance in US, Chinese, and global samples. The findings confirm that the firm effect is more important in influencing profit than growth, persisting across all three samples. The firm effect is also more important in influencing performance in developed countries than in emerging markets.

  • The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study

  • Dae Jong Oh, Hee Won Yang, Seung Wan Suh, Seonjeong Byun, Tae Hui Kim, Kyung Phil Kwak, Bong Jo Kim, Shin Gyeom Kim, Jeong Lan Kim, Seok Woo Moon, Joon Hyuk Park, Seung-Ho Ryu, Dong Woo Lee, Seok Bum Lee, Jung Jae Lee, Jin Hyeong Jhoo, Jong Bin Bae, Ji Won Han, Ki Woong Kim
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 7 / May 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 December 2021, pp. 2992-2999
  • Background

    There are growing concerns about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of older adults. We examined the effect of the pandemic on the risk of depression in older adults.

    Methods

    We analyzed data from the prospective cohort study of Korean older adults, which has been followed every 2 years. Among the 2308 participants who completed both the third and the fourth follow-up assessments, 58.4% completed their fourth follow-up before the outbreak of COVID-19 and the rest completed it during the pandemic. We conducted face-to-face diagnostic interviews using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and used Geriatric Depression Scale. We performed generalized estimating equations and logistic regression analyses.

    Results

    The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased depressive symptoms in older adults [b (standard error) = 0.42 (0.20), p = 0.040] and a doubling of the risk for incident depressive disorder even in euthymic older adults without a history of depression (odds ratio = 2.44, 95% confidence interval 1.18–5.02, p = 0.016). Less social activities, which was associated with the risk of depressive disorder before the pandemic, was not associated with the risk of depressive disorder during the pandemic. However, less family gatherings, which was not associated with the risk of depressive disorder before the pandemic, was associated with the doubled risk of depressive disorder during the pandemic.

    Conclusions

    The COVID-19 pandemic significantly influences the risk of late-life depression in the community. Older adults with a lack of family gatherings may be particularly vulnerable.

  • Prevalence of mental illness among COVID-19 survivors in South Korea: nationwide cohort

  • Hye Yoon Park, In-Ae Song, So Hee Lee, Min young Sim, Hong Sang Oh, Kyoung-Ho Song, Eun-Seung Yu, Hye Youn Park, Tak Kyu Oh
  • Journal:
    BJPsych Open / Volume 7 / Issue 6 / November 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 October 2021, e183
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  • Background

    Mental illness among survivors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) during the post-illness period is an emerging and important health issue.

    Aims

    We aimed to investigate the prevalence of mental illness and the associated factors for its development among COVID-2019 survivors.

    Method

    From 1 January to 4 June 2020, data were extracted from the National Health Insurance Service COVID-19 database in South Korea. Patients with COVID-19 were defined as those whose test results indicated that they had contracted the infection, regardless of disease severity. COVID-19 survivors were defined as those who recovered from the infection. The primary end-point was the development of mental illness, which was evaluated between 1 January and 1 December 2020.

    Results

    A total 260 883 individuals were included in this study, and 2.36% (6148) were COVID-19 survivors. The COVID-19 survivors showed higher prevalence of mental illness than the control group (12.0% in the COVID-19 survivors v. 7.7% in the control group; odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, 95% CI 2.21–2.61, P < 0.001). Additionally, compared with the control group, the no specific treatment for COVID-19 group (OR = 2.23, 95% CI 2.03–2.45, P < 0.001) and specific treatment for COVID-19 group (OR = 3.27, 95% CI 2.77–3.87, P < 0.001) showed higher prevalence of mental illness among survivors.

    Conclusions

    In South Korea, COVID-19 survivors had a higher risk of developing mental illness compared with the rest of the populations. Moreover, this trend was more evident in COVID-19 survivors who experienced specific treatment in the hospital.

  • 3 - Building Strategic Capabilities in Chinese Companies

  • Edited by Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra, Northeastern University, Boston, William Newburry, Florida International University, Seung Ho Park, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
  • Book:
    Building Strategic Capabilities in Emerging Markets
    Published online:
    09 October 2020
    Print publication:
    22 October 2020, pp 39-70

  • Summary

    To contribute to our knowledge of the capabilities that are perceived as strategic by emerging market firms, this chapter presents a study of eight Chinese companies with different internationalization levels. They includes two exporters, the high-tech bus manufacturer Higer and the low-tech manufacturer of car seats Baby First. We also examine high-tech multinationals AVIC (aviation), Advantech (computer systems), and ShangGong Group (industrial sewing machines), in addition to low-tech Chervon (hand-held outdoor tools) and Siwei-Johnson (specialized vehicles). Finally, we examine retail service firm Sanpower. By examining and comparing/contrasting the capabilities identified as strategic by these companies, we aim to gain insights into strategic capability development based on the experience of the world’s largest emerging economy. For example, more than one company mentioned their reflection capabilities, a cognitive process where people attempt to increase their awareness and learn from past business experiences, and explained how they apply this mechanism to corporate governance.

  • 15 - Examining Strategic Capabilities Across Emerging Markets and Their Firms

  • Edited by Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra, Northeastern University, Boston, William Newburry, Florida International University, Seung Ho Park, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
  • Book:
    Building Strategic Capabilities in Emerging Markets
    Published online:
    09 October 2020
    Print publication:
    22 October 2020, pp 359-382

  • Summary

    In this chapter, we integrated data obtained from the interviews conducted with business leaders from seventy-two companies across twelve emerging markets in five continents to better understand which capabilities leaders of emerging market multinationals identify as being strategic. In doing so, we examined which capabilities appear to be commonly assessed as being strategic across our study contexts, and which ones varied by industry, company multinationality, and country of origin. In particular, we examined emerging market companies headquartered in Eastern Europe (Russia and Poland), Asia (China, India, and Kazakhstan), Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru) and Africa (South Africa). Looking across the various capabilities identified by the senior managers in our study, our results suggest that the strategic capabilities needed by emerging market firms to be successful outside their home markets occur at multiple levels, including management level, firm level, industry level, and national level. These capabilities influence both a firm’s ability to internationalize and its ability to be successful, abilities that often have reinforcing influences on each other.

  • 1 - Building Strategic Capabilities in Emerging Economies

  • Edited by Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra, Northeastern University, Boston, William Newburry, Florida International University, Seung Ho Park, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
  • Book:
    Building Strategic Capabilities in Emerging Markets
    Published online:
    09 October 2020
    Print publication:
    22 October 2020, pp 1-10

  • Summary

    This chapter introduces the background and key research question of the project for this book, which is an output of a multi-country study on a highly important subject in emerging markets: what types of capabilities do emerging market firms need, and how do they acquire and upgrade these capabilities in order to achieve competitiveness in the global market? The chapter highlights two unique aspects of emerging markets: weak institutions and lack of endowment. The main theme of the book thus becomes how emerging market companies develop competitive capabilities to international levels facing these two critical constraints. The chapter also discusses the organization of the book, which comprises twelve different country studies, and presents the methodology used to select and evaluate the firms studied.

Building Strategic Capabilities in Emerging Markets
  • Edited by Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra, William Newburry, Seung Ho Park
  • Published online:
    09 October 2020
    Print publication:
    22 October 2020
  • Firms in emerging markets are becoming leading global players despite operating in challenging home country environments, but little is known about how they build their capabilities. By analyzing multiple companies operating across over a dozen emerging markets in Asia, Latin America, Africa and Europe, the authors identify the specific challenges faced by emerging market firms to become internationally competitive. Furthermore, they provide actionable solutions to upgrading capabilities, sustaining competitive advantage, and achieving multinational status, all whilst operating in emerging economies. Featuring contributions from eminent business scholars from across the globe, this timely volume provides a valuable tool for academics and practitioners, managers and consultants, especially those involved with emerging market firms working to grow and succeed globally.

  • Association between serum vitamin D and depressive symptoms in apparently healthy male adults undergoing routine health check-ups at a single centre

  • Sung Hoon Kim, Hae Jeong Lee, Chang Ho Chae, Seung Hyun Park, Jun Seok Son
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 23 / Issue 14 / October 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 June 2020, pp. 2530-2538
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  • Objective:

    To determine the level of vitamin D and to identify the association between vitamin D and depressive symptoms in apparently healthy Korean male adults.

    Design:

    A retrospective study design. Among 43 513 participants between 1 March and 30 November 2018, after eliminating participants with a history of depression or vitamin D deficiency, 9058 were included. To determine the level of vitamin D, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured. To assess the level of depression, the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used.

    Setting:

    South Korea.

    Participants:

    Male adults who underwent routine health check-ups.

    Results:

    The average vitamin D level was 22·31 ± 7·09 ng/ml as 25(OH)D, while the number of subjects in the vitamin D insufficiency group with a finding of <20 ng/ml was 3783 (41·8 %). The mean CES-D score in all subjects was 8·31 ± 5·97 points, and the proportion of the depressive symptoms group with a score of ≥16 was 8·71 %. The OR of patients in the depressive symptoms group also being in the insufficiency group was found to be 1·49 (95 % CI 1·12, 2·00).

    Conclusions:

    A total of 41·8 % of apparently healthy male adults had vitamin D levels <20 ng/ml. We identified an association between vitamin D insufficiency and depressive symptoms in apparently healthy Korean male adults.

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