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5 results

  • Outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among operating room staff of a tertiary referral center: An epidemiologic and environmental investigation

  • Part of
  • April N. McDougal, Dana Elhassani, Mary Ann DeMaet, Shirley Shores, Kenneth S. Plante, Jessica A. Plante, Richard Pyles, Scott C. Weaver, Natalie Williams-Bouyer, Brenda J. Tyler, Hollie R. Davis, Janak Patel
  • Journal:
    Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 43 / Issue 3 / March 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 March 2021, pp. 319-325
    Print publication:
    March 2022
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • Objective:

    Investigate an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among operating room staff utilizing contact tracing, mass testing for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and environmental sampling.

    Design:

    Outbreak investigation.

    Setting:

    University-affiliated tertiary-care referral center.

    Patients:

    Operating room staff with positive SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing.

    Methods:

    Epidemiologic and environmental investigations were conducted including contact tracing, environmental surveys, and sampling and review of the operating room schedule for staff-to-staff, staff-to-patient, and patient-to-staff SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

    Results:

    In total, 24 healthcare personnel (HCP) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, including nurses (29%), surgical technologists (25%), and surgical residents (16%). Moreover, 19 HCP (79%) reported having used a communal area, most commonly break rooms (75%). Overall, 20 HCP (83%) reported symptomatic disease. In total, 72 environmental samples were collected from communal areas for SARS-CoV-2 genomic testing; none was positive. Furthermore, 236 surgical cases were reviewed for transmission: 213 (90%) had negative preoperative SARS-CoV-2 testing, 21 (9%) had a positive test on or before the date of surgery, and 2 (<1%) did not have a preoperative test performed. In addition, 40 patients underwent postoperative testing (mean, 13 days to postoperative testing), and 2 returned positive results. Neither of these 2 cases was linked to our outbreak.

    Conclusions:

    Complacency in infection control practices among staff during peak community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is believed to have driven staff-to-staff transmission. Prompt identification of the outbreak led to rapid interventions, ultimately allowing for uninterrupted surgical service.

  • Identification of an immune modulation locus utilising a bovine mammary gland infection challenge model

  • Mathew D Littlejohn, Sally-Anne Turner, Caroline G Walker, Sarah D Berry, Kathryn Tiplady, Ric G Sherlock, Greg Sutherland, Simon Swift, Dorian Garrick, S Jane Lacy-Hulbert, Scott McDougall, Richard J Spelman, Russell G Snell, J Eric Hillerton
  • Journal:
    Journal of Dairy Research / Volume 85 / Issue 2 / May 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 May 2018, pp. 185-192
    Print publication:
    May 2018

  • Inflammation of the mammary gland following bacterial infection, commonly known as mastitis, affects all mammalian species. Although the aetiology and epidemiology of mastitis in the dairy cow are well described, the genetic factors mediating resistance to mammary gland infection are not well known, due in part to the difficulty in obtaining robust phenotypic information from sufficiently large numbers of individuals. To address this problem, an experimental mammary gland infection experiment was undertaken, using a Friesian-Jersey cross breed F2 herd. A total of 604 animals received an intramammary infusion of Streptococcus uberis in one gland, and the clinical response over 13 milkings was used for linkage mapping and genome-wide association analysis. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) was detected on bovine chromosome 11 for clinical mastitis status using micro-satellite and Affymetrix 10 K SNP markers, and then exome and genome sequence data used from the six F1 sires of the experimental animals to examine this region in more detail. A total of 485 sequence variants were typed in the QTL interval, and association mapping using these and an additional 37 986 genome-wide markers from the Illumina SNP50 bovine SNP panel revealed association with markers encompassing the interleukin-1 gene cluster locus. This study highlights a region on bovine chromosome 11, consistent with earlier studies, as conferring resistance to experimentally induced mammary gland infection, and newly prioritises the IL1 gene cluster for further analysis in genetic resistance to mastitis.

  • 16 - Developments in landslide runout prediction

  • Edited by John J. Clague, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Douglas Stead, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia
  • Book:
    Landslides
    Published online:
    05 May 2013
    Print publication:
    23 August 2012, pp 187-195

  • Summary

    Abstract

    Runout analysis is a key component of landslide risk assessment and management, and a range of empirical and numerical methods for analyzing runout are available. Significant advances have been made in the development of numerical runout models over the past decade, particularly with respect to three-dimensional modeling capabilities. As demonstrated in a recent model benchmarking workshop, most modern numerical models are able to simulate the bulk characteristics of typical real landslides. On the other hand, progress has been slower in developing suitable methodologies for selecting input parameter values for prediction. Ideally, these methods should fit within the probabilistic framework of quantitative landslide risk assessment, allowing users to estimate the spatial probability of impact and associated hazard intensity throughout the runout zone. Recent work on advanced model calibration techniques has attempted to address this need. Simple probabilistic empirical–statistical techniques can be extended to numerical modeling applications and provide a useful reference point for these discussions.