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Over 3 months, we provided monthly education to internal medicine residents and distributed resources regarding penicillin-allergy history taking. Allergy information in the electronic record was updated more often during the intervention compared to the period before the intervention (16.1% vs 10.9%; P = .02). Education and interdepartmental collaboration have the potential to affect provider behavior.

Background: In June 2019, the Maryland Department of Health (MDH) was notified of a hospitalized patient with Candida auris bloodstream infection. The MDH initiated a contact investigation to identify additional patients with C. auris colonization. Many of the contacts had been discharged home from the hospital and were therefore not available for screening. Healthcare facilities in Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, DC, submit patient data to a regional health information exchange (HIE) called the Chesapeake Regional Information System for our Patients (CRISP). CRISP includes a notification system that alerts providers when flagged patients have healthcare encounters. We aimed to use this system to identify discharged C. auris contacts on their next inpatient encounter to rapidly screen them and to detect new cases. Methods:C. auris contacts were defined as patients located on an inpatient unit on the same day, receiving wound care from the same team, or having a procedure in the same operating room on the same day as the index patient or any patients subsequently identified as having C. auris infection or colonization detected either during the normal course of clinical care or through screening. Contacts who remained hospitalized were screened during inpatient point prevalence surveys (PPSs). Contacts discharged to postacute-care facilities were screened by facility staff. Contacts who had been discharged home were flagged in CRISP, and MDH staff received CRISP encounter alerts when these patients were readmitted. MDH staff then contacted the admitting facilities to recommend screening for C. auris. Axilla and groin swabs were collected and tested by rt-PCR at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory Network laboratory. Results: As of October 8, 2019, 4,017 contacts were identified. Among these, 936 (23%) contacts at 56 healthcare facilities (33 acute-care hospitals and 23 postacute-care facilities) were screened for C. auris, and 10 patients with C. auris colonization were identified (1.1% of contacts who underwent C. auris screening). Of these, 6 (60%) were identified through CRISP notification and 4 (40%) were identified by PPSs conducted in acute-care hospitals. Conclusions: In this ongoing C. auris outbreak, a large proportion of colonized patients was identified using an electronic encounter notification system within a regional HIE. This approach was effective for identifying opportunities to screen contacts at their next healthcare encounter and can augment other means of case detection, like PPSs. HIEs should incorporate mechanisms to facilitate contact tracing for public health investigations.

Funding: None

Disclosures: None

This article examines the effect of leaders’ foreign policy preferences on their ability to pursue and ratify arms control agreements. Does it take a “Nixon to go to China,” with hawks more effective than doves, when it comes to the domestic politics of treaty ratification? The authors observe that the theoretical logic correctly identifies an asymmetry between hawkish and dovish presidents, with the latter facing a credibility gap in advocating arms reductions. Although existing accounts assume leaders are captives of their type, the authors argue that dovish executives can overcome their credibility gap by obtaining the endorsement of informed legislators. These executives do so by paying a ratification premium, usually in the form of increased defense effort in areas not covered by the treaty. As a result, doves do not necessarily face a lower rate of success at the ratification stage; their disadvantage manifests itself primarily in the higher premium needed to obtain the same level of support as hawkish executives. The article demonstrates this argument through a formal model and tests the implications with paired comparisons of major arms control treaties in the Cold War and post–Cold War periods. The argument helps to resolve the Nixon-to-China theoretical debate. It shows that dovish leaders are not necessarily captives of their type because they can deploy side payments to achieve their policy goals. It also explains important puzzling features of the arms control record.

This much-awaited volume uncovers the long-lost pages of the major African multilingual newspaper, Abantu-Batho. Founded in 1912 by African National Congress (ANC) convenor Pixley Seme, with assistance from the Swazi Queen, it was published up until 1931, attracting the cream of African politicians, journalists and poets Mqhayi, Nontsisi Mgqweth, and Grendon. In its pages burning issues of the day were articulated alongside cultural by-ways. The People’s Paper – comprising both essays and an anthology – explores the complex movements and individuals that emerged in the almost twenty years of its publication. The essays contribute rich, new material to provide clearer insights into South African politics and intellectual life. The anthology unveils a judicious selection of never-before published columns from the paper spanning every year of its life and drawn from repositories on three continents. Abantu-Batho had a regional and international focus, and by examining all these dynamics across boundaries and disciplines, The People’s Paper transcends established historiographical frontiers to fill a lacuna that scholars have long lamented.

Summary

OWNERS/MANAGING EDITORS

Pixley ka Isaka Seme (1882–1951), board of directors chair, managing editor, 1912–16?; acting editor, 1916 and 1917/18?

Levi Thomas Mvabaza (1870s–1947?), managing director, 1916–31?

J. T. Gumede (1867–1947), owner, 1929–31

EDITORS, SUB-EDITORS AND WRITERS

Cleopas Kunene (1866–1917), editor, English/isiZulu, 1912–late 1915; mid-1916–April? 1917

Daniel Simon Letanka (1874–1932), Sesotho/SeTswana editor, 1912–31; a director

Saul Msane (1856–1919), editor, February 1914–July 1916

Robert Grendon (1867?–1949), editor, 1915–July 1916

Levi Thomas Mvabaza (1870s?–1947?), isiXhosa editor, 1916–31

Jeremiah Dunjwa (d. 1935), joined staff, 1913, isiXhosa editor, 1916?

Henry Selby Msimang (1886–1982), sub-editor or ‘Special Commissioner’, 1913–?; isiZulu English editor, May/June 1917?–February 1918?

Herbert Nuttall Vuma Msane, editor or sub-editor, 1917–?

Horatio L. Bud-M'belle, sub-editor, 1917?–19?

Richard Victor Selope Thema (1886–1955), sub-editor? a.1914?–1920; acting isiZulu/English editor, February 1918–?

Nontsizi Elizabeth Mgqwetho, poet and possibly staff, 1919.

Epafras Mogagabise Ramaila (1897–1962), possible contributor, 1917?–29?

Trevor Dan Mweli Skota (1893–1976), organiser/sub-editor, 1912; editor,1927?–31?

A. W. G. Champion (1893–1975), editor or sub-editor, 1930–1

STAFF

C. S. Mabaso (d. 1935), secretary of Abantu-Batho Ltd., General Agent, 1912–29?

Serasengoe Philip Merafe, “foreman machineminder”, 1912–14

Moffat Caluza (outsourced printer)

ENDNOTES

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Part II comprises texts from Abantu-Batho in the form of articles, editorials and letters drawn from extant issues, fragments, translations in archives, or reprints in other newspapers or books. The narrow Abantu-Batho archive restricted scope, but for those years where more issues are available, our selection criteria seek a thematic balance across political, intellectual, economic, social and cultural history, biography, gender, class, and region. Despite the very limited and scattered archive we have been able to include at least one piece from each year of publication.

The sources are chiefly library or archival holdings, notably the extensive run between 1930 and 1931 in the National Library of South Africa (also microfilmed), the 1920 special issue in Durban and SOAS, 1928–29 issues in Atlanta and the Carter-Karis Collection, a range of issues and translations in the National Archives, Pretoria (especially Department of Justice and Director of Native Labour files), and the Swaziland National Archives, plus Rhodes House Library at the University of Oxford. We have given priority to unpublished items, but in the Bibliography readers can locate short extracts in contemporary newspapers and books, and selected reprints in compilations such as the Karis-Carter volumes, Outlook on a Century, and the Garvey Papers.

We keep notes to a minimum, as many persons and events are explained in Part I, but where necessary more obscure persons or events are annotated. Generally, we follow the language usage and spelling of the time. We have silently corrected some spelling or grammar, but kept this to a minimum to let readers appreciate the flavour of contemporary writing.

CONTENTS

1912

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Overcoming challenges to removing inappropriate penicillin allergy labels: A quality improvement report

Identification of Colonized Patients During an Outbreak of Candida auris Using a Regional Health Information Exchange

Chromium in Corundum: Ultra-high Contents Under Reducing Conditions

A Showcase of Analytical Techniques: Native V in Hibonite

Correlative Microscopy of Diverse Filamentous Microfossils from 850 Ma Rocks

The Ratification Premium: Hawks, Doves, and Arms Control

The People’s Paper

Contributors

Appendix - Abantu-Batho Editors and Editorial Staff

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Frontmatter

PART II - Anthology

Summary

List of Illustrations

Acknowledgements

FOUNDERS AND EDITORS

Contents

Contributors

Bibliography

Index

Miscellaneous Endmatter

THEMES AND CONNECTIONS

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The People’s Paper

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