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Evaluation of a mandatory immunization program to increase and sustain high immunization coverage for healthcare personnel (HCP).
Descriptive study with before-and-after analysis.
Tertiary-care academic medical center.
Medical center HCP.
A comprehensive mandatory immunization initiative was implemented in 2 phases, starting in July 2014. Key facets of the initiative included a formalized exemption review process, incorporation into institutional quality goals, data feedback, and accountability to support compliance.
Both immunization and overall compliance rates with targeted immunizations increased significantly in the years after the implementation period. The influenza immunization rate increased from 80% the year prior to the initiative to >97% for the 3 subsequent influenza seasons (P < .0001). Mumps, measles and varicella vaccination compliance increased from 94% in January 2014 to >99% by January 2017, rubella vaccination compliance increased from 93% to 99.5%, and hepatitis B vaccination compliance from 95% to 99% (P < .0001 for all comparisons). An associated positive effect on TB testing compliance, which was not included in the mandatory program, was also noted; it increased from 76% to 92% over the same period (P < .0001).
Thoughtful, step-wise implementation of a mandatory immunization program linked to professional accountability can be successful in increasing immunization rates as well as overall compliance with policy requirements to cover all recommended HCP immunizations.
Research on AIDS involving human subjects poses in stark form a familiar dilemma: Can the demands of a rigorous scientific research design be met without violating the rights or harming the interests of research subjects? The dilemma is especially troubling in the early phases of drug research, when promising medications showing some signs of success in combatting this fatal disease must be tested for safety and efficacy. The research design using randomized controlled trials, in which an experimental drug is tested against a placebo, highlights the dilemma. Although the use of this research design does not pose the only ethical problem for AIDS research, it is perhaps the most dramatic. Related ethical issues include the question of when an experimental drug that holds out the only present hope may be released for general use; who should be selected to receive experimental drugs that are in short supply; how much information should be released about safety and efficacy while a clinical trial is still in progress; and what factors determine the appropriateness of early termination of a study.
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