This volume presents comprehensive research on English refusals, focusing primarily on L2
use and secondarily on second language acquisition. Twenty-four dyads were video-taped
performing open role plays in response to eight situations (two suggestions, two offers, two
invitations, and two requests) designed to elicit a refusal. Each dyad consisted of an English NS
and NNS, the latter being native speakers of Japanese with low to intermediate English
proficiency.