Studies reported in the literature indicate a wide range of movement disorders associated with anti-epileptic treatment (Easterford et al., 2004). Valproic acid is a well-known cause of reversible neurotoxicity characterized by symptoms resembling idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and cognitive impairment (Armon et al., 1996; Onofrj et al., 1998).

Two experiments tested the activation of gender stereotypes for Italian role nouns (e.g., teacher). The experimental paradigm was modeled on the one proposed by a study by Banaji and Hardin: participants were shown a prime word followed by a target pronoun (he or she) on which they performed a gender decision task. The prime words were Italian role nouns that had an associated female stereotype, an associated male stereotype, or no associated stereotype (control condition). The results of Experiment 1 showed no influence of stereotypes on the gender decision response to personal pronouns. However, when, in Experiment 2, the prime-target interval and the prime presentation times were prolonged, a stereotypical gender priming effect did emerge. A different inhibition pattern was found when the pronoun was preceded by a noun associated with a male stereotype instead of a female one.