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82 results

Page 1 of 5

  • Allocation of attention to scenes of peer harassment: Visual–cognitive moderators of the link between peer victimization and aggression
  • Wendy Troop-Gordon, Robert D. Gordon, Bethany M. Schwandt, Gregor A. Horvath, Elizabeth Ewing Lee, Kari J. Visconti
  • Journal: Development and Psychopathology / Volume 31 / Issue 2 / May 2019
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 March 2018, pp. 525-540
  • Print publication: May 2019
  • View abstract

    As approximately one-third of peer-victimized children evidence heightened aggression (Schwartz, Proctor, & Chien, 2001), it is imperative to identify the circumstances under which victimization and aggression co-develop. The current study explored two potential moderators of victimization–aggression linkages: (a) attentional bias toward cues signaling threat and (b) attentional bais toward cues communicating interpersonal support. Seventy-two fifth- and sixth-grade children (34 boys; Mage = 11.67) were eye tracked while watching video clips of bullying. Each scene included a bully, a victim, a reinforcer, and a defender. Children's victimization was measured using peer, parent, and teacher reports. Aggression was measured using peer reports of overt and relational aggression and teacher reports of aggression. Victimization was associated with greater aggression at high levels of attention to the bully. Victimization was also associated with greater aggression at low attention to the defender for boys, but at high attention to the defender for girls. Attention to the victim was negatively correlated with aggression regardless of victimization history. Thus, attentional biases to social cues integral to the bullying context differentiate whether victimization is linked to aggression, necessitating future research on the development of these biases and concurrent trajectories of sociobehavioral development.

  • Gambling problems in bipolar disorder in the UK: Prevalence and distribution
  • Lisa Jones, Alice Metcalf, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Liz Forty, Amy Perry, Joanne Lloyd, John R. Geddes, Guy M. Goodwin, Ian Jones, Nick Craddock, Robert D. Rogers
  • Journal: The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 207 / Issue 4 / October 2015
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 January 2018, pp. 328-333
  • Print publication: October 2015
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  • View abstract
    Background

    North American studies show bipolar disorder is associated with elevated rates of problem gambling; however, little is known about rates in the different presentations of bipolar illness.

    Aims

    To determine the prevalence and distribution of problem gambling in people with bipolar disorder in the UK.

    Method

    The Problem Gambling Severity Index was used to measure gambling problems in 635 participants with bipolar disorder.

    Results

    Moderate to severe gambling problems were four times higher in people with bipolar disorder than in the general population, and were associated with type 2 disorder (OR = 1.74, P = 0.036), history of suicidal ideation or attempt (OR = 3.44, P = 0.02) and rapid cycling (OR = 2.63, P = 0.008).

    Conclusions

    Approximately 1 in 10 patients with bipolar disorder may be at moderate to severe risk of problem gambling, possibly associated with suicidal behaviour and a rapid cycling course. Elevated rates of gambling problems in type 2 disorder highlight the probable significance of modest but unstable mood disturbance in the development and maintenance of such problems.

  • Pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium gordonae Following the Opening of a Newly Constructed Hospital at a Chicago Medical Center
  • Kavitha Prabaker, Chethra Muthiah, Mary K. Hayden, Robert A. Weinstein, Jyothirmai Cheerala, Mary L. Scorza, John Segreti, Mary A. Lavin, Barbara A. Schmitt, Sharon F. Welbel, Kathleen G. Beavis, Gordon M. Trenholme
  • Journal: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 36 / Issue 2 / February 2015
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 December 2014, pp. 198-203
  • Print publication: February 2015
  • View abstract
    OBJECTIVE

    To identify the source of a pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium gordonae

    DESIGN

    Outbreak investigation.

    SETTING

    University Hospital in Chicago, Ilinois.

    PATIENTS

    Hospital patients with M. gordonae-positive clinical cultures.

    METHODS

    An increase in isolation of M. gordonae from clinical cultures was noted immediately following the opening of a newly constructed hospital in January 2012. We reviewed medical records of patients with M. gordonae-positive cultures collected between January and December 2012 and cultured potable water specimens in new and old hospitals quantitatively for mycobacteria.

    RESULTS

    Of 30 patients with M. gordonae-positive clinical cultures, 25 (83.3%) were housed in the new hospital; of 35 positive specimens (sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, gastric aspirate), 32 (91.4%) had potential for water contamination. M. gordonae was more common in water collected from the new vs. the old hospital [147 of 157 (93.6%) vs. 91 of 113 (80.5%), P=.001]. Median concentration of M. gordonae was higher in the samples from the new vs. the old hospital (208 vs. 48 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL; P<.001). Prevalence and concentration of M. gordonae were lower in water samples from ice and water dispensers [13 of 28 (46.4%) and 0 CFU/mL] compared with water samples from patient rooms and common areas [225 of 242 (93%) and 146 CFU/mL, P<.001].

    CONCLUSIONS

    M. gordonae was common in potable water. The pseudo-outbreak of M. gordonae was likely due to increased concentrations of M. gordonae in the potable water supply of the new hospital. A silver ion-impregnated 0.5-μm filter may have been responsible for lower concentrations of M. gordonae identified in ice/water dispenser samples. Hospitals should anticipate that construction activities may amplify the presence of waterborne nontuberculous mycobacterial contaminants.

    Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–6

  • Incorporating Biodopants into PEDOT Conducting Polymers: Impact of Biodopant on polymer properties and biocompatibility
  • Paul J. Molino, Anthony Tibbens, Robert M.I. Kapsa, Gordon G. Wallace
  • Journal: MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1569 / 2013
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 October 2013, pp. 225-230
  • Print publication: 2013
  • View abstract

    Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was polymerized with the biological dopants dextran sulphate and chondroitin sulphate. Polymer physical and mechanical properties were investigated using quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation monitoring and atomic force microscopy, revealing polymer shear modulus and interfacial roughness to be significantly altered as a function of the dopant species. The adsorption of fibronectin, an important extracellular protein that is critical for a range of cellular functions and processes, was investigated using QCM-D, revealing protein adsorption to be increased on the DS doped PEDOT film relative to the CS doped film. PEDOT films have traditionally been doped with synthetic counterions such as polystyrene sulphonate (PSS), however the incorporation of biological molecules as the counterion, which has been shown to improve polymer biofunctionality, has received far less attention. In particular, there has been little detailed study on the impact of incorporating polyelectrolyte biomolecules into the PEDOT polymer matrix on fundamental polymer properties which are critical for biomedical applications. This investigation provides a detailed characterization of the interfacial and mechanical properties of biologically doped PEDOT films, as well as the efficacy of the composite films to bind and retain extracellular proteins of the type that are critical to the biocompatibility of the polymeric material.

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