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18 results

Managing the Critically Ill Child
  • A Guide for Anaesthetists and Emergency Physicians
  • Edited by Richard Skone, Fiona Reynolds, Steven Cray, Oliver Bagshaw, Kathleen Berry
  • Published online: 05 March 2013
  • Print publication: 07 March 2013
  • The management of critically ill or injured children has become increasingly specialised; nevertheless, the first point of contact for many sick children remains their nearest hospital. Here, the initial management will usually involve emergency department doctors, anaesthetists and paediatricians. Managing the Critically Ill Child is written by anaesthetists and emergency department physicians who currently have a significant paediatric practice. It provides a straightforward guide for non-paediatricians encountering acutely unwell or injured children. This book helps readers apply their knowledge from adult practice to children, and avoid pitfalls where the approaches in paediatrics differ. Written in a practical, concise format, Managing the Critically Ill Child guides physicians beyond the initial emergency algorithms and is essential reading for physicians and trainees in emergency medicine, anaesthesia and intensive care who may be asked to look after a child.

  • Chapter 33 - Acute gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation

  • from Section III: - Organ dysfunction and management
  • Edited by Fang Gao Smith, University of Warwick
  • Edited in association with Joyce Yeung
  • Book: Core Topics in Critical Care Medicine
  • Published online: 06 July 2010
  • Print publication: 22 April 2010, pp 257-265

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the cell-based model of coagulation, regulation of coagulation, and bleeding disorders. The disorders include congenital disorders and acquired disorders such as thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia. Thrombocytopenia may occur because of impaired production, sequestration, increased consumption, and enhanced degradation. Activated protein C has been shown to reduce mortality in sepsis especially in patients with DIC and multi-organ failure. During the resuscitation of patients who have suffered a major haemorrhage, factors that can contribute to associated coagulopathy are: hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, and consumption of clotting products. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) usually occurs 5-10 days following exposure to heparin. It is a pro-thrombotic disorder and can lead to significant venous and arterial thrombosis. HIT usually resolves following the discontinuation of heparin over a few days. Management includes the prompt removal of all heparin containing medication and the substitution of a direct thrombin inhibitor to control clotting.