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19 results

  • Nutrition education of young women
  • Gill A. Fine, D. M. Conning, Cella Firmin, Anne E. De Looy, M. S. Losowsky, I. D. G. Richards, John Webster
  • Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 71 / Issue 5 / May 1994
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 November 2009, pp. 789-798
  • Print publication: May 1994
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    White women aged 25–34 years (n 264) from the lower socio-economic classes (C2, D and E) were classified according to their motivation in respect of health and their educational attainment and arithmetical ability. They were randomly allocated to three groups. One group (test) was given a course in basic nutrition consisting of a video and booklet, each embellished with motivational material. Those classed as of low ability also received the training material in simplified format. A second group (control) received a video and booklet with no motivational or simplified materials. The third group (baseline) received no tuition and represented a control of publicly available information during the period of the experiment. The participants answered a series of questions by administered questionnaire to measure their nutritional knowledge before and one week after they viewed the video programme. All participants achieved significantly higher scores at the second questionnaire. The test and control groups achieved significantly higher scores than the baseline group but there was no significant difference between the test and control groups. The presentation of motivational or simplified materials had no significant effect on learning ability though those classified as more highly motivated and of higher ability achieved higher scores at each questionnaire. The results indicate that young adult females can be taught basic nutrition irrespective of their motivation or ability.

  • International Lawlessness in Grenada
  • Francis A. Boyle, Abram Chayes, Isaak Dore, Richard Falk, Martin Feinrider, C. Clyde Ferguson, Jr., J. David Fine, Keith Nunes, Burns Weston
  • Journal: American Journal of International Law / Volume 78 / Issue 1 / January 1984
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 February 2017, pp. 172-175
  • Print publication: January 1984
  • View extract

    The Reagan administration’s arguments purporting to justify the invasion of Grenada under international law must not be allowed to inveigle the American people into supporting this violent intervention into the domestic affairs of another independent state. Throughout the 20th century, the U.S. Government has routinely concocted evanescent threats to the lives and property of U.S. nationals as pretexts to justify armed interventions into sister American states. The transparency of these pretexts was just as obvious then as it is now. The Reagan administration has not established by means of clear and convincing evidence that there did in fact exist an immediate threat to the safety of U.S. citizens in Grenada. Even then, such a threat could have justified only a limited military operation along the lines of the Israeli raid at Entebbe for the sole purpose of evacuating the major concentration of U.S. nationals at the medical college.

  • 5 - Coated vesicles in neurons
  • C. Ockleford, A. Whyte
  • Book: Coated Vesicles
  • Published online: 04 August 2010
  • Print publication: 05 June 1980, pp 103-134
  • View extract

    Summary

    The existence of coated vesicles (CVs) in neurons has been known since 1961 when Gray reported ‘complex vesicles’ in mossy fibre endings of the rat cerebellar cortex. He described them as spheres, 60–80 nm in diameter, surrounded by shells consisting of closely packed 15–20 nm vesicular bodies. This unusual structural organisation was probably only an apparent one. Today the structure assigned to CVs in neurons and other cells, which is based upon detailed analyses of isolated CVs, consists of a spherical lipid-bilayer vesicle enclosed by a protein coat composed of pentagonal and hexagonal subunits (Kanaseki & Kadota, 1969; Kadota & Kadota, 1973a, b; Pearse, 1975; Crowther, Finch & Pearse, 1976; Woods, Woodward & Roth, 1978). The comparison of CVs isolated from different tissues (Pearse, 1975, 1976; Woods et al., 1978) and in thin sections of isolated tissues (Nickel, Vogel & Waser, 1967) revealed no significant differences between the structure and chemical properties of CVs in neurons and in other cells.

    For a time there was some doubt whether neuronal CVs were discrete organelles. Difficulty in resolving the three-dimensional organisation of the coat by goniometry led to the idea that the CVs seen in thin sections were fixation artifacts arising from the denaturation of microtubules or of the neuronal cytonet (Gray, 1972, 1975; Westrum & Gray, 1977). This idea, however, was not supported by the studies of CVs isolated from unfixed brain tissue cited above.