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3 results

  • Chapter 3 - Neurophysiology and neuroimaging of human sleep

  • from Section II - Normal Sleep
  • Edited by John W. Winkelman, David T. Plante, University of Wisconsin, Madison
  • Book:
    Foundations of Psychiatric Sleep Medicine
    Published online:
    01 June 2011
    Print publication:
    23 December 2010, pp 36-58

  • Summary

    This chapter reviews the neurophysiology of normal human sleep, including the electrophysiological and neuroendocrine characteristics of the rapid eye movement (REM)/non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages. REM sleep, or stage R, usually follows a NREM sleep episode and consists of tonic and phasic components. It describes the electrophysiological assessment of sleep disorders with polysomnography (PSG). The chapter also discusses the organization of sleep (sleep architecture) in young healthy adults, and reports the effects of age, psychiatric disorders, and psychoactive medications on sleep architecture. Sleep architecture is fairly consistent in healthy adults, but changes significantly across the life-span, in psychiatric patients, or in subjects taking psychotropic medications. The chapter presents several neuroimaging techniques, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG), which have been increasingly utilized in sleep research to explore the neuroanatomy of normal sleep and the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive functions.

  • EEG alpha power and alpha power asymmetry in sleep and wakefulness

  • RUTH M. BENCA, WILLIAM H. OBERMEYER, CHRISTINE L. LARSON, BLENDA YUN, ISA DOLSKI, KENNETH D. KLEIST, STEVEN M. WEBER, RICHARD J. DAVIDSON
  • Journal:
    Psychophysiology / Volume 36 / Issue 4 / July 1999
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 November 2002, pp. 430-436
    Print publication:
    July 1999

  • Asymmetry of waking electroencephalography (EEG) alpha power in frontal regions has been correlated with waking emotional reactivity and the emotional content of dream reports. Little is known regarding alpha asymmetry during sleep. The present study was performed to compare alpha power and alpha power asymmetry in various brain regions across states of sleep and wakefulness. Waking and sleep EEG were recorded in a group of patients undergoing polysomnographic evaluation for possible sleep disorders. Alpha EEG asymmetry in frontal and temporal regions was significantly correlated in waking versus sleep, particularly during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. These results suggest that patterns of frontal alpha asymmetry are stable across sleep and waking and may be related to emotional reactivity during dreaming. During sleep, alpha power was highest during slow-wave sleep and lowest during REM sleep. Implications of these data for understanding the functional significance of alpha power during waking and sleeping are considered.