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4 results

  • 8 - Stroke MRI in intracranial hemorrhage
  • Edited by Stephen Davis, Marc Fisher, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Steven Warach, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore
  • Book: Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Stroke
  • Published online: 26 August 2009
  • Print publication: 20 March 2003, pp 103-112
  • View abstract

    Summary

    Non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10-15% of all strokes, but up to 25% of more severe strokes. This chapter covers the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signatures of ICH in all stages, and focuses on the differential diagnosis in hyperacute stroke patients. It deals with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and discusses the future prospects such as the detection of perihemorrhagic pathological processes, which may contribute to the morbidity of ICH. The appearance of intracranial hemorrhage on MRI depends primarily on the age of the hematoma and the type of MR contrast. Computed tomography (CT) is also the imaging standard of care for the diagnosis of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke MRI may be the diagnostic tool of choice not only for patients with subacute and chronic ICH and SAH but also in the initial assessment of patients with hyperacute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke as well as hyperacute SAH.
  • 31 - Early recanalization in acute ischemic stroke saves tissue at risk defined by stroke magnetic resonance imaging
  • from Part IX - Magnetic resonance imaging in clinical stroke
    • By Olav Jansen, Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany, Peter D. Schellinger, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
  • Edited by Pak H. Chan, Stanford University, California
  • Book: Cerebrovascular Disease
  • Published online: 02 November 2009
  • Print publication: 28 March 2002, pp 381-390
  • View extract

    Summary

    Introduction

    The target for most therapeutic interventions for focal ischemia should be ischemic tissue that can respond to treatment and is not irreversibly injured. Such tissue will be defined as potentially salvageable ischemic tissue and must be distinguished from non-salvageable ischemic tissue that has evolved to a status at which recovery is no longer possible. Characterization of potentially reversible vs. irreversible ischemic tissue is based on the ischemic penumbra hypothesis. Ideally, before any aggressive therapeutic approach (i.e., thrombolysis) is undertaken, four important questions concerning the individual stroke situation should be addressed using only one optimal diagnostic imaging procedure:

    1. Does the patient have acute cerebral ischemia or is another underlying pathology responsible for the stroke symptoms (e.g., intracerebral hemorrhage, tumor)?

    2. Is there already an area of irreversibly damaged ischemic tissue and what is the size of this infarct core?

    3. Is there a tissue of risk (“penumbra”) that can be preserved from damage by therapeutic intervention, and what is the size of this area?

    4. Is the vessel that is responsible for the ischemia still occluded or has there been a pontaneous recanalization?

    The ideal imaging modality will be able to address all of these questions within an acceptable amount of time before a specific treatment is begun.

    Diffusion-weighted imaging

    Since the description of early findings in acute experimental ischemic stroke with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), it has been predicted that this technique might become an important tool for the identification of very early ischemic injury in patients.