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187 results

Page 1 of 10

  • Antipsychotic Prescribing for Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: An Audit of Prescribing Practices in the Harrogate Community Mental Health Team for Older Adults

  • Joanna Wilson, Natasha White, Matthew Croft, Suman Ahmed, Lynne Illsley, Paul Hughes
  • Journal:
    BJPsych Open / Volume 9 / Issue S1 / July 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    07 July 2023, pp. S187-S188
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  • Aims

    Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) include a range of neuropsychiatric disturbances such as agitation, aggression, depression, and psychotic symptoms. These common symptoms can impact patients’ functioning and quality of life. Antipsychotic medication can be prescribed to alleviate some symptoms, but this comes with significant risks including cerebrovascular events and increased mortality. We aimed to review antipsychotic prescribing of the Harrogate Older Adult Community Mental Health Team (CMHT); to measure compliance with NICE guidance and local policy and thus improve the prescribing and monitoring process.

    Methods

    Using electronic patient records, we identified all patients under the care of the CMHT with a diagnosis of dementia currently receiving antipsychotic treatment; a total of 55 patients. A random sample of 24 patients were reviewed; their records were hand searched for relevant information.

    The standards measured were derived from the NICE Guideline (NG97) June 2018: ‘Dementia: assessment, management and support for people living with dementia and their carers’ as well as local trust guidance.

    Results

    All 24 patients were receiving antipsychotics for severe distress or aggression. 88% of patients had an assessment of sources of distress before treatment was started, but only 42% had a non-pharmacological intervention before antipsychotic treatment was started. Once antipsychotic treatment had started this increased to 58%. For some patients, the reason for not receiving a non-pharmacological intervention was due to urgency of treatment or being on a waiting list for occupational therapy, but for most the reason was not explicitly documented.

    For 63%, there was evidence of a discussion of the risks of treatment with the patient, carer or family member. 63% had initial baseline blood tests and 54% had a baseline ECG. Of the patients who did not have initial monitoring, a suitable reason was given for just over 60%. Only 33% of patients who had antipsychotic treatment for over 12 weeks had a trial of discontinuation or dose reduction. Less than 22% of patients had physical health monitoring at one year of treatment.

    Conclusion

    There were shortfalls in several areas including the offer of non-pharmacological interventions, regular review of the ongoing need for antipsychotics, and physical health monitoring.

    Introduction of a checklist before antipsychotics are prescribed is recommended, to include discussion of risks and benefits, non-pharmacological interventions, and initial monitoring. Also recommended is a system to identify when monitoring and review of antipsychotics are due.

Renewable and Waste-Heat Utilisation Technologies
  • Nareshkumar B. Handagama, Martin T. White, Paul Sapin, Christos N. Markides
  • Published online:
    18 May 2023
    Print publication:
    01 June 2023
  • Understand the science and engineering behind conventional and renewable heat loss recovery techniques with this thorough reference. Provides you with the knowledge and tools necessary to assess the potential waste-heat recovery opportunities that exist within various industries and select the most suitable technology. In particular, technologies that convert waste heat into electricity, cooling or high-temperature heating are discussed in detail, alongside more conventional technologies that directly or indirectly recirculate heat back into the production process. Essential reading for professionals in chemical, manufacturing, mechanical and processing engineering who have an interest in energy conservation and waste heat recovery.

  • Attenuated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during an acute IGF-1 LR3 infusion into fetal sheep does not persist in isolated islets

  • Alicia White, Jane Stremming, Laura D. Brown, Paul J. Rozance
  • Journal:
    Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease / Volume 14 / Issue 3 / June 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 April 2023, pp. 353-361

  • Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a critical fetal growth hormone that has been proposed as a therapy for intrauterine growth restriction. We previously demonstrated that a 1-week IGF-1 LR3 infusion into fetal sheep reduces in vivo and in vitro insulin secretion suggesting an intrinsic islet defect. Our objective herein was to determine whether this intrinsic islet defect was related to chronicity of exposure. We therefore tested the effects of a 90-min IGF-1 LR3 infusion on fetal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and insulin secretion from isolated fetal islets. We first infused late gestation fetal sheep (n = 10) with either IGF-1 LR3 (IGF-1) or vehicle control (CON) and measured basal insulin secretion and in vivo GSIS utilizing a hyperglycemic clamp. We then isolated fetal islets immediately following a 90-min IGF-1 or CON in vivo infusion and exposed them to glucose or potassium chloride to measure in vitro insulin secretion (IGF-1, n = 6; CON, n = 6). Fetal plasma insulin concentrations decreased with IGF-1 LR3 infusion (P < 0.05), and insulin concentrations during the hyperglycemic clamp were 66% lower with IGF-1 LR3 infusion compared to CON (P < 0.0001). Insulin secretion in isolated fetal islets was not different based on infusion at the time of islet collection. Therefore, we speculate that while acute IGF-1 LR3 infusion may directly suppress insulin secretion, the fetal β-cell in vitro retains the ability to recover GSIS. This may have important implications when considering the long-term effects of treatment modalities for fetal growth restriction.

  • Improving measurement performance via fusion of classical and quantum accelerometers

  • Xuezhi Wang, Allison Kealy, Christopher Gilliam, Simon Haine, John Close, Bill Moran, Kyle Talbot, Simon Williams, Kyle Hardman, Chris Freier, Paul Wigley, Angela White, Stuart Szigeti, Sam Legge
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Navigation / Volume 76 / Issue 1 / January 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    26 January 2023, pp. 91-102
    Print publication:
    January 2023
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  • While quantum accelerometers sense with extremely low drift and low bias, their practical sensing capabilities face at least two limitations compared with classical accelerometers: a lower sample rate due to cold atom interrogation time; and a reduced dynamic range due to signal phase wrapping. In this paper, we propose a maximum likelihood probabilistic data fusion method, under which the actual phase of the quantum accelerometer can be unwrapped by fusing it with the output of a classical accelerometer on the platform. Consequently, the recovered measurement from the quantum accelerometer is used to estimate bias and drift of the classical accelerometer which is then removed from the system output. We demonstrate the enhanced error performance achieved by the proposed fusion method using a simulated 1D accelerometer precision test scenario. We conclude with a discussion on fusion error and potential solutions.

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