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22 results

Page 1 of 2

  • Response of indicator species to changes in food web and ocean dynamics of the Ross Sea, Antarctica

  • David G. Ainley, Virginia Morandini, Leo Salas, Nadav Nur, Jay Rotella, Kerry Barton, Phil O'B. Lyver, Kimberly T. Goetz, Michelle Larue, Rose Foster-Dyer, Claire L. Parkinson, Kevin R. Arrigo, Gert Van Dijken, Roxanne S. Beltran, Stacy Kim, Cassandra Brooks, Gerald Kooyman, Paul J. Ponganis, Fiona Shanhun, Dean P. Anderson
  • Journal:
    Antarctic Science , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 September 2024, pp. 1-29
    • Article
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  • Most of the Ross Sea has been designated a marine protected area (MPA), proposed ‘to protect ecosystem structure and function’. To assess effectiveness, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) selected Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri) penguins, Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) and Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) as ecosystem change ‘indicator species’. Stable for decades, penguin and seal populations increased during 1998–2018 to surpass historical levels, indicating that change in ecosystem structure and function is underway. We review historical impacts to population trends, decadal datasets of ocean climate and fishing pressure on toothfish. Statistical modelling for Adélie penguins and Weddell seals indicates that variability in climate factors and cumulative extraction of adult toothfish may explain these trends. These mesopredators, and adult toothfish, all prey heavily on Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum). Toothfish removal may be altering intraguild predation dynamics, leading to competitive release of silverfish and contributing to penguin and seal population changes. Despite decades of ocean/weather change, increases in indicator species numbers around Ross Island only began once the toothfish fishery commenced. The rational-use, ecosystem-based viewpoint promoted by CCAMLR regarding toothfish management needs re-evaluation, including in the context of the Ross Sea Region MPA.

Diving Physiology of Marine Mammals and Seabirds
  • Paul J. Ponganis
  • Published online:
    05 December 2015
    Print publication:
    26 November 2015
  • Analysing the physiological adaptations of marine mammals and seabirds, this book provides a comprehensive overview of what allows these species to overcome the challenges of diving to depth on a single breath of air. Through comparative reviews of texts on diving physiology and behaviour from the last seventy-five years, Ponganis combines this research into one succinct volume. Investigating the diving performance of marine mammals and seabirds, this book illustrates how physiological processes to extreme hypoxia and pressure are relevant to the advancement of our understanding of basic cellular processes and human pathologies. This book underscores the biomedical and ecological relevance of the anatomical, physiological and molecular/biophysical adaptations of these animals to enable further research in this area. An important resource for students and researchers, this text not only provides an essential overview of recent research in the field, but will stimulate further research into the behaviour and physiology of diving.

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