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Rapid antigen detection tests (Ag-RDT) for SARS-CoV-2 with emergency use authorization generally include a condition of authorization to evaluate the test’s performance in asymptomatic individuals when used serially. We aim to describe a novel study design that was used to generate regulatory-quality data to evaluate the serial use of Ag-RDT in detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus among asymptomatic individuals.
Methods:
This prospective cohort study used a siteless, digital approach to assess longitudinal performance of Ag-RDT. Individuals over 2 years old from across the USA with no reported COVID-19 symptoms in the 14 days prior to study enrollment were eligible to enroll in this study. Participants throughout the mainland USA were enrolled through a digital platform between October 18, 2021 and February 15, 2022. Participants were asked to test using Ag-RDT and molecular comparators every 48 hours for 15 days. Enrollment demographics, geographic distribution, and SARS-CoV-2 infection rates are reported.
Key Results:
A total of 7361 participants enrolled in the study, and 492 participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, including 154 who were asymptomatic and tested negative to start the study. This exceeded the initial enrollment goals of 60 positive participants. We enrolled participants from 44 US states, and geographic distribution of participants shifted in accordance with the changing COVID-19 prevalence nationwide.
Conclusions:
The digital site-less approach employed in the “Test Us At Home” study enabled rapid, efficient, and rigorous evaluation of rapid diagnostics for COVID-19 and can be adapted across research disciplines to optimize study enrollment and accessibility.
OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To establish a state-wide research registry of diverse participants. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We garnered broad institutional and community support by involving TRI’s Community Engagement team, its Community Advisory Board (CAB), and 3 UAMS patient CABs in selecting Web site content, images, and colors. Using this feedback, the TRI Recruitment Unit (RU), in conjunction with UAMS Communications and the Center for Health Literacy, developed the materials and crafted comprehensive communication and recruitment strategies. The UAMS Center for Pacific Islander Health, Hispanic faculty, and CAB members translated materials. UAMS IT programmed the user-friendly site to allow registration from smartphones and i-Pads and linked to UAMS patient electronic health messages. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The RU committee implemented successful innovative strategies, including recruiting at the Arkansas State Fair and ballgames, attended by people of all races, ages, and socio-economic levels. Using i-Pads at the sites, recruitment took <5 minutes/registrant. Within 8 months, >2400 participants from across Arkansas had joined the registry: 14% African-Americans, 8% Pacific Islanders, 5% Hispanic, and 3% Native American. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Involving CAB multidisciplinary input to design and implement recruitment materials was highly successful. Despite challenges of recruiting under-represented groups, the registry includes 30% minorities. By tracking registrants’ demographics with Lime Survey software, the RU will prioritize future recruitment events to maximize diversity of registrants.
The history of the book is now recognized as a field of central importance for understanding the cultural changes that swept through Tudor England. This companion aims to provide a comprehensive guide to the issues relevant to theearly printed book, covering the significant cultural, social and technological developments from 1476 (the introduction of printing to England) to 1558 (the death of Mary Tudor). Divided into thematic sections (the printed booktrade; the book as artefact; patrons, purchasers and producers; and the cultural capital of print), it considers the social, historical, and cultural context of the rise of print, with the problems as well as advantages of the transmission from manuscript to print. the printers of the period; the significant Latin trade and its effect on the English market; paper, types, bindings, and woodcuts and other decorative features which create the packaged book; and the main sponsors and consumers of the printed book: merchants, the lay clientele, secular and religious clergy, and the two Universities, as well as secular colleges and chantries. Further topics addressed include humanism, women translators, and the role of censorship and the continuity of Catholic publishing from that time. The book is completed with a chronology and detailed indices. Vincent Gillespie is J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford; Susan Powell held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York. Contributors: Tamara Atkin, Alan Coates, Thomas Betteridge, Julia Boffey, James Clark, A.S.G. Edwards, Martha W. Driver, Mary Erler, Alexandra Gilespie, Vincent Gillespie, Andrew Hope, Brenda Hosington, Susan Powerll, Pamela Robinson, AnneF. Sutton, Daniel Wakelin, James Willoughby, Lucy Wooding
Edited by
Vincent Gillespie, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford,Susan Powell, Held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York
Edited by
Vincent Gillespie, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford,Susan Powell, Held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York
Edited by
Vincent Gillespie, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford,Susan Powell, Held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York
Edited by
Vincent Gillespie, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford,Susan Powell, Held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York
Edited by
Vincent Gillespie, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford,Susan Powell, Held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York
Edited by
Vincent Gillespie, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford,Susan Powell, Held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York
Edited by
Vincent Gillespie, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford,Susan Powell, Held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York
Edited by
Vincent Gillespie, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford,Susan Powell, Held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York
Edited by
Vincent Gillespie, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford,Susan Powell, Held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York
Edited by
Vincent Gillespie, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford,Susan Powell, Held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York
Paper was first made by the Chinese from a variety of materials including mulberry and bamboo bark. The technique of paper making was first introduced into the Islamic world by Chinese artisans taken prisoner after the battle of Atlakh, Kazakhstan, in 751. Knowledge of the craft then spread from Central Asia to Damascus, Cairo, and the Maghreb by the tenth century. From North Africa the Moors introduced the technique to Europe, where a mill at Játiva, Valencia, had become famous for its paper by the mid-twelfth century. As the knowledge spread, further mills were established elsewhere in the West. By 1283 a mill at Fabriano, Italy, had become one of the earliest in Europe to make paper on a large scale.
Early European paper was made from linen rags, which were washed, steeped in water, and then reduced to a pulp before being transferred to a large vat full of water. Sheets of paper were formed by the vatman dipping his mould into the vat to scoop up the pulp. This mould or sieve consisted of a rectangular wooden frame across which was stretched wire, with a removable frame or ‘deckle’ around the edges in order to retain the pulp on the mould's surface when the water drained through. The sheet of matted fibres left behind was dried to become paper.
Although the English must have become acquainted with paper quite soon (a letter datable 1216–22 from Raymond of Toulouse to Henry III, preserved in the National Archives at Kew, is written on paper), its earliest known use in this country is almost a century later, in the Register of the Hustings Court of [King's] Lynn, begun in 1307.
Edited by
Vincent Gillespie, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford,Susan Powell, Held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York
Edited by
Vincent Gillespie, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford,Susan Powell, Held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York
Edited by
Vincent Gillespie, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford,Susan Powell, Held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York
Edited by
Vincent Gillespie, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford,Susan Powell, Held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York
Edited by
Vincent Gillespie, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford,Susan Powell, Held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of London and York
