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15 results

  • Analysing Tuberculosis Cases Among Healthcare Workers to Inform Infection Control Policy and Practices

  • Gerard de Vries, Rianne van Hunen, Fleur S. Meerstadt-Rombach, Paul D. L. P. M. van der Valk, Marinus Vermue, Sytze T. Keizer
  • Journal:
    Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 38 / Issue 8 / August 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 June 2017, pp. 976-982
    Print publication:
    August 2017
  • OBJECTIVE

    To determine the number and proportion of healthcare worker (HCW) tuberculosis (TB) cases infected while working in healthcare institutions in the Netherlands and to learn from circumstances that led to these infections.

    DESIGN

    Cohort analysis.

    METHODS

    We included all HCW TB patients reported to the Netherlands TB Register from 2000 to 2015. Using data from this register, including DNA fingerprints of the bacteria profile and additional information from public health clinics, HCW TB cases were classified into 4 categories: (1) infected during work in the Netherlands, (2) infected in the community, (3) infected outside the Netherlands, or (4) outside these 3 categories. An in-depth analysis of category 1 cases was performed to identify factors contributing to patient-to-HCW transmission.

    RESULTS

    In total, 131 HCW TB cases were identified: 32 cases (24%) in category 1; 13 cases (10%) in category 2; 42 cases (32%) in category 3; and 44 cases (34%) in category 4. The annual number of HCW TB cases (P<.05), the proportion among reported cases (P<.01), and the number of category 1 HCW TB cases (P=.12) all declined over the study period. Delayed diagnosis in a TB patient was the predominant underlying factor of nosocomial transmission in 47% of category 1 HCW TB patients, most of whom were subsequently identified in a contact investigation. Performing high-risk procedures was the main contributing factor in the other 53% of cases.

    CONCLUSION

    In low-incidence countries, every HCW TB case should warrant timely and thorough investigation to help further define and fine-tune the HCW screening policy and to monitor its proper implementation.

    Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:976–982

Applied Social Psychology
  • Understanding and Managing Social Problems
  • 2nd edition
  • Edited by Linda Steg, Kees Keizer, Abraham P. Buunk, Talib Rothengatter
  • Published online:
    28 May 2018
    Print publication:
    24 April 2017
  • Applied Social Psychology combines the science of social psychology with the practical application of solving social problems that exist in the real world. This exciting textbook provides a thorough explanation of how social psychologists can contribute to the understanding and management of different social problems. A highly prestigious team of contributors from across Europe and the United States illustrate how social psychological theories, research methods and intervention techniques can be successfully applied to problems encountered in the fields of physical and mental health, immigration and integration, economic behaviour, political behaviour, environmental behaviour, organisations and the classroom. This expanded edition also features new chapters on the dynamic fields of consumer behaviour, traffic behaviour, criminal behaviour, sport and development aid. Each field studied features an overview of important problems, the role of human behaviour in these problems, the factors influencing relevant behaviour, and effective ways to change this behaviour. This is an essential volume for all undergraduate and graduate students studying applied social psychology.

  • 3 - Atomic-scale analysis of self-assembled quantum dots by cross-sectional scanning, tunneling microscopy, and atom probe tomography

  • from Part I - Nanostructure design and structural properties of epitaxially grown quantum dots and nanowires
  • Edited by Alexander Tartakovskii, University of Sheffield
  • Book:
    Quantum Dots
    Published online:
    05 August 2012
    Print publication:
    19 July 2012, pp 41-60

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) have been at the center of research on the quantum properties of zero-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures. The deep understanding of the physical properties and mechanisms that are active in QDs have allowed for their application in quantum secure single photon communication, quantum processing, etc. This would have been impossible without the progress in the growth control of self-assembled QDs. Nowadays, we can accurately control QD parameters such as height, composition, and strain which determine the optoelectronic and spintronic properties. Several double capping approaches have been developed that allow trimming of the QD height and Sb capping was shown to eliminate QD erosion during capping. Droplet epitaxy is a novel approach to obtain non-strained QDs, which is of great advantage because strain is one of the most complicating factors in understanding and utilizing self-assembled QDs.

    In this chapter we will review our recent cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (X-STM) analysis of self-assembled QDs in various hosts and obtained by a range of techniques to control their structural properties. The X-STM technique allows to image atomic scale details in semiconductor structures that are cleaved along a natural cleavage plane perpendicular to the growth direction. Although we have been able to analyze many intricate aspects of the studied QDs by X-STM, this technique is limited by its twodimensional (2D) nature. Recently, atom probe tomography (APT) has been able to extend its field of application to semiconductor materials.