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409 results

Page 1 of 21

  • Beyond the crisis: Ongoing psychiatric treatment and service utilization after initial symptom stabilization following first-episode psychosis for adolescents
  • R. Gearing, K. Brewer, I. Mian, K. Moore, P. Fisher, J. Hamilton, J. Mandiberg
  • Journal: European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 March 2020, p. S337
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    Introduction

    The importance of timely identification and treatment of psychosis are increasingly the focus of early interventions, with research targeting the initial high-risk period in the months following first-episode hospitalization. However, ongoing psychiatric treatment and service utilization after the symptoms have been stabilized over the initial years following first-episode has received less research attention.

    Objectives

    To model the variables predicting continued service utilization with psychiatrists for adolescents following their first-episode psychosis; examine associated temporal patterns in continued psychiatric service utilization.

    Methods

    This study utilized a cohort design to assess adolescents (age 14.4 ± 2.5 years) discharged following their index hospitalization for first-episode psychosis. Bivariate analyses were conducted on predictor variables associated with psychiatric service utilization. All significant predictor variables were included in a logistic regression model.

    Results

    Variables that were significantly associated with psychiatric service utilization included: diagnosis with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder rather than major mood disorder with psychotic features (OR = 24.0; P = 0.02), a first degree relative with depression (OR = 0.12; P = 0.05), and months since last psychiatric inpatient discharge (OR = 0.92; P = 0.02). Further examination of time since last hospitalization found that all adolescents continued service utilization up to 18 months post-discharge.

    Conclusions

    Key findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis, that a first degree relative with depression may negatively influence the adolescent's ongoing service utilization, and that 18 months post-discharge may a critical time to review current treatment strategies and collaborate with youth and families to ensure that services continue to meet their needs.

    Disclosure of interest

    The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

  • Cannabis psychosis, gender matters
  • I. Hamilton, P. Galdas, H. Essex
  • Journal: European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 March 2020, p. S379
  • View abstract
    Introduction

    Despite recent findings pointing toward cannabis psychosis as one area where gender differences may exist, there has been a widespread lack of attention paid to gender as a determinant of health in both psychiatric services and within the field of addiction.

    Objectives

    To explore gender differences in treatment presentations for people with cannabis psychosis.

    Aims

    To use national data sets to investigate gender differences.

    Methods

    Analysis of British Crime Survey data and a Hospital Episode Statistics data set were used in combination with data from previously published epidemiological studies to compare gender differences.

    Results

    Male cannabis users outnumber female users by 2:1, a similar gender ratio is found for those admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or psychosis. However this ratio increases significantly for those admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of cannabis psychosis, with males outnumbering females by 4:1.

    Conclusions

    This research brings into focus the marked gender differences in cannabis psychosis. Attending to gender is important for research and treatment with the aim of improving understanding and providing gender sensitive services.

    Disclosure of interest

    The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

  • 12 - Dusty Rings
  • from III - Ring Systems by Type and Topic
  • Edited by Matthew S. Tiscareno, Carl D. Murray, Queen Mary University of London
  • Book: Planetary Ring Systems
  • Published online: 26 February 2018
  • Print publication: 22 March 2018, pp 308-337
  • View extract

    Summary

    All of the giant planets in the outer Solar System possess rings composed primarily of particles less than 100 microns across. Such small particles are conventionally referred to as “dust grains” regardless of their composition, and so these rings are considered “dusty rings” (as opposed to the more famous main rings of Saturn and Uranus, whose particles are more than a millimeter across). Dusty rings are often very tenuous and so can be much more difficult to observe than Saturn's broad, bright, and dense main rings. Nevertheless, dusty rings are extremely interesting because they have very rich dynamics and are extremely sensitive probes of their environment.

    The high surface-area-to-volume ratio of dust-sized grains makes them much more responsive to non-gravitational forces like solar radiation pressure, plasma drag, and torques from the planet's electromagnetic field. Furthermore, sub-millimeter particles can be lost from the ring system on relatively short timescales due to erosion via charged-particle and micrometeoroid bombardment or through ejection by the non-gravitational forces listed above. This means that small particles need to be constantly supplied to these rings from larger bodies, and indeed all of the known dusty rings are associated with larger objects that are the likely sources of dusty debris. The most dramatic example of this is Saturn's E ring, which is clearly supplied by material erupting from beneath the surface of the geologically active moon Enceladus. However, this is a special case, and most dusty rings are instead associated with denser rings (which are composed primarily of millimeter-to-metersized particles) or small moons. These objects can serve as dust sources because they are constantly being bombarded by micrometeoroids, and these impacts release fine debris that can escape the weak gravitational fields of these small bodies and go into orbit around the planet. Note that the amount of dust released by this process depends on the size, mass, and regolith properties of the source object, and calculations of the dust production rate based on simple estimates of impact ejecta velocity distributions suggest that source moons that are several kilometers across are the most efficient at producing dusty rings (Burns et al., 1999).

  • Comparison of Two Bone-Preparation Methods for Radiocarbon Dating: Modified Longin and Ninhydrin
  • J-P Dumoulin, C Messager, H Valladas, L Beck, I Caffy, E Delqué-Količ, C Moreau, M Lebon
  • Journal: Radiocarbon / Volume 59 / Issue 6 / December 2017
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 December 2017, pp. 1835-1844
  • Print publication: December 2017
  • View abstract

    In this paper, first results comparing modified Longin and ninhydrin collagen extraction methodologies are presented. The goal of this study is to investigate the bones of several species with different ages, preservation conditions, and collagen contents to determine the most suitable preparation method. Different types of samples are used such as VIRI samples, previously dated bones, and background samples. Each bone has undergone elemental analysis, infrared analysis, and 14C measurement. The results are presented and the advantages and disadvantages of each preparation method are discussed. In general, results obtained by the two methods are in accordance with the consensus value for 2σ uncertainty. For VIRI I and a mammoth bone, the ninhydrin preparation gives, respectively, 8450±70 BP and 14,870±60 BP whereas the modified Longin process gives 8365±45 BP and 14,750±100 BP in agreement with the expected values. From the experimental point of view, the modified Longin process is easier to implement than the ninhydrin protocol. From this approach, we can conclude that the modified Longin process could be preferred in most cases and particularly when the amount of bone is small and the sample is not too contaminated.

Page 1 of 21