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5 results

  • Chapter 15 - Glucocorticoids in the critically ill

  • from Section 3 - Endocrine disorders in the critically ill
  • Edited by George M. Hall, St George's Hospital, London, Jennifer M. Hunter, University of Liverpool, Mark S. Cooper, University of Birmingham
  • Book: Core Topics in Endocrinology in Anaesthesia and Critical Care
  • Published online: 06 July 2010
  • Print publication: 01 April 2010, pp 144-154

  • Summary

    The International Diabetes Federation estimated that in 2008 there were 246 million adults worldwide with diabetes mellitus (DM), and the prevalence is expected to reach at least 380 million by 2025. Diabetes is diagnosed on the basis of criteria agreed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1999. Destruction of the pancreatic ß-cells is characteristic of type 1 DM and usually results in an absolute deficiency of insulin. The principles of management of type 1 DM are based on the detailed observations made in two major trials; the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the subsequent Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study (EDIC). Hypoglycaemia is a major concern for many type 1 diabetic patients and is usually described as mild, moderate or severe. Most of the increased morbidity and mortality associated with DM is the result of the micro- and macrovascular complications.