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9 results

  • 11 - Substantive General Covariance and the Einstein–Klein Dispute: A Noetherian Approach
  • Edited by James Read, Pembroke College, Oxford, Nicholas J. Teh, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
  • Book: The Philosophy and Physics of Noether's Theorems
  • Published online: 22 September 2022
  • Print publication: 29 September 2022, pp 274-295
  • View extract

    Summary

    Famously, Klein and Einstein were embroiled in an epistolary dispute over whether General Relativity has any physically meaningful conserved quantities. This chapter explores the consequences of Noether’s second theorem for this debate and connects it to Einstein’s search for a ‘substantive’ version of general covariance as well as his quest to extend the Principle of Relativity. The chapter’s argument is that Noether’s second theorem provides a clear way to distinguish between theories in which gauge or diffeomorphism symmetry is doing real work in defining charges, as opposed to cases in which this symmetry stems from Kretchmannization. Finally, a comment is made on the relationship between this Noetherian form of substantive general covariance and the notion of ‘background independence’.

The Philosophy and Physics of Noether's Theorems
  • The Philosophy and Physics of Noether's Theorems
  • A Centenary Volume
  • Edited by James Read, Nicholas J. Teh
  • Published online: 22 September 2022
  • Print publication: 29 September 2022
  • View description
    In 1918, Emmy Noether, in her paper Invariante Variationsprobleme, proved two theorems (and their converses) on variational problems that went on to revolutionise theoretical physics. 100 years later, the mathematics of Noether's theorems continues to be generalised, and the physical applications of her results continue to diversify. This centenary volume brings together world-leading historians, philosophers, physicists, and mathematicians in order to clarify the historical context of this work, its foundational and philosophical consequences, and its myriad physical applications. Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and professional researchers, this is a go-to resource for those wishing to understand Noether's work on variational problems and the profound applications which it finds in contemporary physics.