Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Search

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

9 results

  • Longitudinal relationships between cognition and functioning over 2 years in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: a cross-lagged panel model approach with the FACE-BD cohort

  • Mickael Ehrminger, Eric Brunet-Gouet, Anne-Sophie Cannavo, Bruno Aouizerate, Irena Cussac, Jean-Michel Azorin, Frank Bellivier, Thierry Bougerol, Philippe Courtet, Caroline Dubertret, Bruno Etain, Jean-Pierre Kahn, Marion Leboyer, Emilie Olié, the FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise in Bipolar Disorders (FACE-BD) Collaborators, Christine Passerieux, Paul Roux
  • Journal:
    The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 218 / Issue 2 / February 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 August 2019, pp. 80-87
    Print publication:
    February 2021
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
    • HTML
    • Export citation
  • Background

    Longitudinal studies of the relationship between cognition and functioning in bipolar disorder are scarce, although cognition is thought to be a key determinant of functioning. The causal structure between cognition and psychosocial functioning in bipolar disorder is unknown.

    Aims

    We sought to examine the direction of causality between cognitive performance and functional outcome over 2 years in a large cohort of euthymic patients with bipolar disorder.

    Method

    The sample consisted of 272 adults diagnosed with bipolar disorder who were euthymic at baseline, 12 and 24 months. All participants were recruited via the FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise in Bipolar Disorders. We used a battery of tests, assessing six domains of cognition at baseline and 24 months. Residual depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning were measured at baseline and 12 and 24 months. The possible causal structure between cognition and psychosocial functioning was investigated with cross-lagged panel models with residual depressive symptoms as a covariate.

    Results

    The analyses support a causal model in which cognition moderately predicts and is causally primary to functional outcome 1 year later, whereas psychosocial functioning does not predict later cognitive performance. Subthreshold depressive symptoms concurrently affected functioning at each time of measure.

    Conclusions

    Our results are compatible with an upward causal effect of cognition on functional outcome in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. Neuropsychological assessment may help specify individual prognoses. Further studies are warranted to confirm this causal link and evaluate cognitive remediation, before or simultaneously with functional remediation, as an intervention to improve functional outcome.

  • Herbivore paleodiet and paleoenvironmental changes in Chad during the Pliocene using stable isotope ratios of tooth enamel carbonate

  • Antoine Zazzo, Hervé Bocherens, Daniel Billiou, André Mariotti, Michel Brunet, Patrick Vignaud, Alain Beauvilain, Hassane Taisso Mackaye
  • Journal:
    Paleobiology / Volume 26 / Issue 2 / Spring 2000
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 February 2016, pp. 294-309

  • Chad is a key region for understanding early hominid geographic expansion in relation to late Miocene and Pliocene environmental changes, owing to its location 2500 km west from the Rift Valley and to the occurrence of sites ranging in age from about 6 to 3 Ma, some of which yield fossil hominids. To reconstruct changes in herbivore paleodiet and therefore changes in the paleoenvironment, we measured the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of 80 tooth-enamel samples from three time horizons for nine families of Perissodactyla, Proboscidea, and Artiodactyla. The absence of significant alteration of in vivo isotopic signatures can be determined for carbon, thus allowing paleodietary and paleoenvironmental interpretations to be made.

    While the results generally confirm previous dietary hypotheses, mostly based on relative crown height, there are some notable surprises. The main discrepancies are found among low-crowned proboscideans (e.g., Anancus) and high-crowned rhinocerotids (Ceratotherium). Both species were more opportunistic feeders than it is usually believed. This result confirms that ancient feeding ecology cannot always be inferred from dental morphology or extant relatives.

    There is an increase in the average carbon isotope composition of tooth enamel from the oldest unit to the youngest, suggesting that the environment became richer in C4 plants with time. In turn, more C4 plants indicate an opening of the plant cover during this period. This increase in carbon isotope composition is also recorded within genera such as Nyanzachoerus, Ceratotherium, and Hexaprotodon, indicating a change from a C3-dominated to a C4-dominated diet over time. It appears that, unlike other middle Pliocene hominid sites in eastern and southern Africa, this part of Chad was characterized by very open conditions and that savanna-like grasslands were already dominant when hominids were present in the area.

  • Clinical and Electrophysiological Study in French-Canadian Population with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A Associated with 17p11.2 Duplication

  • Nicolas Dupré, Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Louise Cossette, Denis Brunet, Michel Vanasse, Benard Lemieux, Gilles Mathon, Jack Puymirat
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 26 / Issue 3 / November 1999
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 December 2014, pp. 196-200
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
    • Export citation
  • Background:

    The aim of the present study was to examine the frequency and the phenotypic manifestations in a French-Canadian population with a chromosome 17p11.2 duplication (Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A, CMT-1A).

    Methods:

    Molecular analysis were performed by Southern blot using pVAW409R3a probe. Clinical evaluation was carried out according to the scale defined by the European HMSN Consortium.

    Results:

    The frequency of duplication was found to be similar in the adult (70.8%) and pediatric (72.7%) populations. Onset of symptoms occurred before 20 years of age in 85.7% of adult cases and before the age of 5 in 80% of the pediatric cases. The classical CMT syndrome was observed in 77% of the cases and the syndrome was associated with additional features in 15% of cases in the adult population. All the children presented with classical CMT syndrome with no additional features. There was a significant correlation between the disability score and the duration of the disease but no correlation was found between median nerve conduction velocity and the functional handicap, the age at onset or the duration of the disease. In one family, there was a very conspicuous anticipation over five observed generations.

    Conclusion:

    This study reveals that the age at onset, the clinical and electrophysiological variability as well as the functional disability variations in a French-Canadian population did not differ from those reported in other populations.

  • 4 - Searching for a new paradigm for hominid origins in Chad (Central Africa)

  • from Part I - In search of origins: evolutionary theory, new species and paths into the past
  • Edited by Sally C. Reynolds, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Andrew Gallagher, University of Johannesburg
  • Book:
    African Genesis
    Published online:
    05 April 2012
    Print publication:
    29 March 2012, pp 63-76

  • Summary

    Abstract

    The idea of an ascendance for our species is quite recent (about 150 years ago). But questions remain: who was this ancestor, and where and when did he arise? In the 1980s, early hominids were known only from southern and eastern Africa. Digging in Djurab desert (Northern Chad) from 1994 onwards, the Mission Paléoanthropologique Franco-Tchadienne (MPFT) team unearthed first a new australopithecine (dated to 3.5 Ma, Brunet et al., 1995; Lebatard et al., 2008), the first ever found west of the Rift Valley and a later new hominid Sahelanthropus tchadensis (Brunet et al., 2002a) from the late Miocene, dated to 7 Ma (Vignaud et al., 2002; Lebatard et al., 2008). This earliest known hominid is a new milestone suggesting that an exclusively southern or eastern African origin of the hominid clade is likely to be incorrect. In the last decade our roots have descended deeper into the Lower Pliocene (4.4 Ma) to the Late Miocene (7 Ma) with three new species: Ardipithecus kadabba (5.8–5.2 Ma, Middle Awash, Ethiopia), Orrorin tugenensis (c. 6 Ma, Lukeino, Kenya) and the oldest one Sahelanthropus tchadensis (c. 7 Ma). S. tchadensis displays a unique combination of derived characters that clearly shows hominid affinities that are close, temporally speaking, to the last common ancestor between chimpanzees and humans, and that it cannot be related to chimpanzees or gorillas. In Chad, the Late Miocene sedimentological and palaeobiological data indicate the presence of a mosaic environment probably very similar to the present Okavango Delta (Central Kalahari, Bostwana). As with the other Late Miocene hominids, S. tchadensis was a bipedal animal living in a wooded habitat.

    It is now clear that the earliest hominids did not inhabit savannah environments, nor were they living only in South and East Africa. In the light of this new evidence, our early hominid history must now be reconsidered within a completely new paradigm.