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7 results

  • A framework for future national pediatric pandemic respiratory disease severity triage: The HHS pediatric COVID-19 data challenge

  • Timothy Bergquist, Marie Wax, Tellen D. Bennett, Richard A. Moffitt, Jifan Gao, Guanhua Chen, Amalio Telenti, M. Cyrus Maher, Istvan Bartha, Lorne Walker, Benjamin E. Orwoll, Meenakshi Mishra, Joy Alamgir, Bruce L. Cragin, Christopher H. Ferguson, Hui-Hsing Wong, Anne Deslattes Mays, Leonie Misquitta, Kerry A. DeMarco, Kimberly L. Sciarretta, Sandeep A. Patel
  • Journal: Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 7 / Issue 1 / 2023
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 July 2023, e175
    • Article
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  • Introduction:

    With persistent incidence, incomplete vaccination rates, confounding respiratory illnesses, and few therapeutic interventions available, COVID-19 continues to be a burden on the pediatric population. During a surge, it is difficult for hospitals to direct limited healthcare resources effectively. While the overwhelming majority of pediatric infections are mild, there have been life-threatening exceptions that illuminated the need to proactively identify pediatric patients at risk of severe COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases. However, a nationwide capability for developing validated computational tools to identify pediatric patients at risk using real-world data does not exist.

    Methods:

    HHS ASPR BARDA sought, through the power of competition in a challenge, to create computational models to address two clinically important questions using the National COVID Cohort Collaborative: (1) Of pediatric patients who test positive for COVID-19 in an outpatient setting, who are at risk for hospitalization? (2) Of pediatric patients who test positive for COVID-19 and are hospitalized, who are at risk for needing mechanical ventilation or cardiovascular interventions?

    Results:

    This challenge was the first, multi-agency, coordinated computational challenge carried out by the federal government as a response to a public health emergency. Fifty-five computational models were evaluated across both tasks and two winners and three honorable mentions were selected.

    Conclusion:

    This challenge serves as a framework for how the government, research communities, and large data repositories can be brought together to source solutions when resources are strapped during a pandemic.

  • 14 - Mental health of people of immigrant and refugee backgrounds

    • By
  • Edited by Nicholas Procter, University of South Australia, Rhonda L. Wilson, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Helen P. Hamer, Denise McGarry, University of Tasmania, Mark Loughhead, University of South Australia
  • Book: Mental Health
  • Published online: 07 April 2022
  • Print publication: 07 April 2022, pp 315-338

  • Summary

    While the health systems in Australia, New Zealand and other developed countries are regarded as some of the finest in the world, there is an ever-present need to ensure flexibility regarding cultural competence and responsiveness and cultural inclusivity across a range of practice settings. If current rates of immigration to Australia continue to grow, it is estimated that by 2050 approximately one-third of Australia’s population will be overseas-born (Cully and Pejozki, 2012).This chapter examines the mental health needs of people from refugee and immigrant backgrounds, with emphasis given to asylum seekers. Mental health issues that may affect these populations are explored, as is engagement between people of refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds and mainstream mental health services. This chapter seeks to deepen and broaden readers’ understanding of the effects of trauma among people of refugee background, and links this to strategies that might be used by mainstream mental health practitioners and services in response.

  • 10 - Mental health of people of immigrant and refugee backgrounds

  • Nicholas Procter, University of South Australia, Helen P. Hamer, Denise McGarry, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, Rhonda L. Wilson, University of Southern Denmark, Terry Froggatt
  • Book: Mental Health
  • Published online: 06 August 2018
  • Print publication: 04 September 2017, pp 238-259

  • Summary

    Introduction

    While the health systems in Australia, New Zealand and other developed countries are regarded as some of the finest in the world, there is an ever-present need to ensure flexibility regarding cultural competence and responsiveness and cultural inclusivity across a range of practice settings. Australia, for example, has one of the most diverse populations in the world, with more than 25 per cent of its current population being born overseas (Commonwealth of Australia, 2012). If current rates of immigration to Australia continue to grow, it is estimated that by 2050 approximately one-third of Australia's population will be overseas-born (Cully and Pejozki, 2012).

    This chapter examines the mental health needs of people from refugee and immigrant backgrounds, with particular emphasis given to asylum seekers. Mental health issues that may affect these populations are explored, as is engagement between people of refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds and mainstream mental health services. This chapter seeks to deepen and broaden readers’ understanding of the effects of trauma among people of refugee background, and links this to strategies that might be used by mainstream mental health practitioners and services in response.

    PERSONAL NARRATIVE

    Hanan's story – part one

    My name is Hanan. I am a 51-year-old housewife and mother of two from Iraq, where I worked as a teacher for 10 years. My journey began in 1996, when I left Iraq with my family and spent time living in Jordan, Syria, Iran, Malaysia and Indonesia, then Nauru before eventually, in 2004, being granted refugee protection and permanent residence in Australia.

    Traumas to my mental health started during the journey to Australia in a leaky fishing boat, upon which 270 people were squashed, including my young sons. During the boat journey I felt uncertain of my survival from one hour to the next and was in a constant state of high stress for several days. This constant fear was compounded by my children becoming ill, the lack of a bathroom (with only one toilet on board) and the smugglers constantly demanding that all passengers move around to balance the boat and stop it from taking on too much water and sinking. When the boat was no longer safe, I was told to wait for another ship to pick us up. We waited for seven days on the boat while it took on water. I suffered a constant fear of death.

  • Randomised double-blind comparison of the incidence of tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia during long-term treatment with olanzapine or haloperidol

  • Charles M. Beasley, Jr, Mary Anne Dellva, Roy N. Tamura, Hal Morgenstern, William M. Glazer, Kevin Ferguson, Gary D. Tollefson
  • Journal: The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 174 / Issue 1 / January 1999
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 January 2018, pp. 23-30
  • Print publication: January 1999
  • Background

    Tardive dyskinesia is important in the side-effect profile of antipsychotic medication.

    Aims

    The development of tardive dyskinesia was evaluated in patients treated with double-blind, randomly assigned olanzapine or haloperidol for up to 2.6 years.

    Methods

    Tardive dyskinesia was assessed by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and Research Diagnostic Criteria for Tardive Dyskinesia (RD-TD); it was defined as meeting RD-TD criteria at two consecutive assessments. The risk of tardive dyskinesia, the relative risk, incidence rate, and incidence rate ratio were estimated.

    Results

    The relative risk of tardive dyskinesia for the overall follow-up period for haloperidol (n=522) v. olanzapine (n=1192) was 2.66 (95% CI=1.50–4.70). Based on data following the initial six weeks of observation (during which patients underwent medication change and AIMS assessments as frequently as every three days), the one-year risk was 0.52% with olanzapine (n=513) and 7.45% with haloperidol (n=114). The relative risk throughout this follow-up period was 11.37 (95% Cl=2.21–58.60).

    Conclusion

    Our results indicated a significantly lower risk of tardive dyskinesia with olanzapine than with haloperidol.