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2 results

  • 12 - Kyoto Korean Elementary School Case

  • from Part IV - Cases
  • Edited by Shinji Higaki, Yuji Nasu
  • Book: Hate Speech in Japan
  • Published online: 15 January 2021
  • Print publication: 28 January 2021, pp 257-294

  • Summary

    Between December 2009 and March 2010, members of xenophobic groups attacked Kyoto Korean Daiichi Elementary School, organizing a series of three discriminatory rallies. When the school and the parents sought to fight back in the criminal and civil courts, they were met with obstacles: the undefined nature of hate speech, the legal system’s incapacity to deal with hate crime, and the Japanese majority’s lack of understanding of ethnic education, rooted in Zainichi Korean resistance against colonialism and assimilation. Charged under existing laws, four attackers were convicted in criminal court. The school’s persistence also paid off in victory in the civil courts. Inevitably, discussion of anti-discrimination legislation ensued, resulting in the Hate Speech Elimination Act of 2016 (the first anti-racism Act in Japan) and Kawasaki City’s anti-hate speech ordinance of 2019 (the first to stipulate criminal penalties). Nevertheless, many issues remain. This chapter reports the pain suffered by those subjected to the discriminatory attacks. It also discusses what it means for minorities to fight a legal fight and what issues persist even after victory.

  • Nutritional status is strongly correlated with grip strength and depression in community-living elderly Japanese

  • Tomoko Kaburagi, Reiko Hirasawa, Haruka Yoshino, Yukino Odaka, Mariko Satomi, Mana Nakano, Eka Fujimoto, Kazuyuki Kabasawa, Kazuto Sato
  • Journal: Public Health Nutrition / Volume 14 / Issue 11 / November 2011
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 March 2011, pp. 1893-1899
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  • Objectives

    To evaluate the utility of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) in assessing nutritional, physical and psychosocial functions in community-living elderly individuals.

    Design

    A cross-sectional study of elderly individuals investigated in August 2007 and August–September 2008. Nutritional status was assessed using serum biomarkers, anthropometric measurements and the MNA. Physical function was assessed by measuring grip strength and both usual and maximum walking speeds. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to measure the individual's depressive state.

    Setting

    Elder-care facilities in Tokyo, Japan.

    Subjects

    Community-living elderly individuals aged ≥65 years (n 130).

    Results

    The MNA evaluation classified twenty-seven (20·8 %) individuals as being at risk for malnutrition (MNA score ≤23·5); these at-risk individuals included a high proportion of the elderly aged ≥75 years. MNA scores correlated with nutritional biomarkers (total protein, albumin, cholinesterase, Hb) and anthropometric measurements (triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, mid-arm muscle area) and exhibited a strong correlation with grip strength and GDS score. Multivariate analysis revealed that grip strength, GDS score, marital status and maximum walking speed are strong predictors of MNA score.

    Conclusions

    The MNA is considerably useful in providing a comprehensive assessment of nutritional status in elderly, community-living Japanese. However, larger-scale epidemiological studies are needed to determine the utility and the appropriate cut-off point of the MNA as a screen for risk of malnutrition.