Much research has focused on executive function (EF) impairments in psychopathy, a severe personality disorder characterized by a lack of empathy, antisocial behavior, and a disregard for social norms and moral values. However, it is still unclear to what extent EF deficits are present across psychopathy factors and, more importantly, which EF domains are impaired. The current meta-analysis answers these questions by synthesizing the results of 50 studies involving 5,694 participants from 12 different countries. Using multilevel random-effects models, we pooled effect sizes (Cohen's d) for five different EF domains: overall EF, inhibition, planning, shifting, and working memory. Moreover, differences between psychopathy factors were evaluated. Our analyses revealed small deficits in overall EF, inhibition, and planning performance. However, a closer inspection of psychopathy factors indicated that EF deficits were specific to lifestyle/antisocial traits, such as disinhibition. Conversely, interpersonal/affective traits, such as boldness, showed no deficits and in some cases even improved EF performance. These findings suggest that EF deficits are not a key feature of psychopathy per se, but rather are related to antisociality and disinhibitory traits. Potential brain correlates of these findings as well as implications for future research and treatment are discussed.

A two-step framework to analyze local microstructure variations of paper sheets based on 3D image data is presented. First, a multi-stage workflow efficiently acquires a large set of highly resolved tomographic image data, which enables—in combination with statistical image analysis—the quantification of local variations and pairwise correlations of morphological microstructure characteristics on length scales ranging from micrometers to centimeters. Secondly, the microstructure is analyzed in terms of the local behavior of porosity, thickness, and further descriptors related to transportation paths. The power of the presented framework is demonstrated, showing that it allows one (i) to quantitatively reveal the difference in terms of local structural variations between a model paper before and after unidirectional compression via hard-nip calendering and that (ii) the field of view which is required to reliably compute the probability distributions of the considered local microstructure characteristics is at least 20 mm$^{2}$. The results elucidate structural differences related to local densification. In particular, it is shown how calendering transforms local variations in sheet thickness into marked local mass density variations. The obtained results are in line with experimental measurements of macroscopic properties (basis weight, Bekk smoothness parameters, thickness, and Gurley retention times).

Product concept generation and evaluation are critical for the success of new product developments (NPD) because managers need to select the most profitable product concepts. However, current approaches can be restricted to single products and do not cover product families' effects. Similarly, they do not necessarily capture all requirements and usually lack extensive cost analyses. Thus, this paper proposes a framework supporting product concept generation and evaluation by providing an accessible conceptualization to overcome the limitations. Using the so-called Extended Axiomatic Design (EAD) supports designers and managers to configure the requirements across product concepts' various domains while concurrently evaluating their economic consequences. The study applies the framework on a simplified case of a bottle manufacturer to conceptualize four product concepts. The case illustrates how the EAD can be used as a virtual testbed to generate and evaluate new product concepts. Finally, designers and managers can make more informed decisions about product concepts by considering their economic and engineering selection criteria to select the most profitable NPD project configuration.

The nucleus glomerulosus (NG) in paracanthopterygian and acanthopterygian teleost fishes receives afferents from neurons of the nucleus corticalis (NC), whose dendrites extend to the layers, stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale (SFGS) and stratum griseum centrale (SGC), of the tectum opticum. A re-examination in this study revealed, by means of tracer experiments using biotinylated dextran amine, a separation among both tectal layers, portions of the NC, and target areas in a laminated type of the NG in the South American pufferfish, Colomesus asellus. Neurons of the lateral part of the NC send their dendrites to the SFGS and project to an area located dorsolaterally and centrally in the NG. In contrast, dendrites from neurons of the medial part of the NC run to the SGC, and projections from these neurons terminate in the NG in an area extending from dorsomedial to ventrolateral in the outer portion. Therefore, these two areas in the NG receive input from different sources. The NG in the visual system of tetraodontids may be involved in higher cognitive functions requiring much energy, becoming apparent by its very high level of cytochrome c oxidase activity.

Depression risk is associated with a late chronotype pattern often described as an ‘evening chronotype’. Fluctuations in mood over consecutive days have not yet been measured according to chronotype in in-patients with depression. A total of 30 in-patients with depression and 32 healthy controls matched for gender and age completed a chronotype questionnaire and twice-daily ratings on mood for 10 consecutive days (registered in the German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00010215). The in-patients had Saturdays and Sundays as hospital-leave days. The relationship between chronotype and daily mood was mediated by the weekday–weekend schedule with higher levels of negative affect in the evening-chronotype patient subgroup at weekends. Results are discussed with respect to a probably advantageous standardised clinical setting with early morning routines, especially for patients with evening chronotypes.

Let $\mathfrak{o}$ be a complete discrete valuation ring of mixed characteristic $(0,p)$ and $\mathfrak{X}_{0}$ a smooth formal $\mathfrak{o}$-scheme. Let $\mathfrak{X}\rightarrow \mathfrak{X}_{0}$ be an admissible blow-up. In the first part, we introduce sheaves of differential operators $\mathscr{D}_{\mathfrak{X},k}^{\dagger }$ on $\mathfrak{X}$, for every sufficiently large positive integer $k$, generalizing Berthelot’s arithmetic differential operators on the smooth formal scheme $\mathfrak{X}_{0}$. The coherence of these sheaves and several other basic properties are proven. In the second part, we study the projective limit sheaf $\mathscr{D}_{\mathfrak{X},\infty }=\mathop{\varprojlim }\nolimits_{k}\mathscr{D}_{\mathfrak{X},k}^{\dagger }$ and introduce its abelian category of coadmissible modules. The inductive limit of the sheaves $\mathscr{D}_{\mathfrak{X},\infty }$, over all admissible blow-ups $\mathfrak{X}$, is a sheaf $\mathscr{D}_{\langle \mathfrak{X}_{0}\rangle }$ on the Zariski–Riemann space of $\mathfrak{X}_{0}$, which gives rise to an abelian category of coadmissible modules. Analogues of Theorems A and B are shown to hold in each of these settings, that is, for $\mathscr{D}_{\mathfrak{X},k}^{\dagger }$, $\mathscr{D}_{\mathfrak{X},\infty }$, and $\mathscr{D}_{\langle \mathfrak{X}_{0}\rangle }$.

In this paper, three-dimensional (3D) image data of ore particle systems is investigated. By combining X-ray microtomography with scanning electron microscope (SEM)-based image analysis, additional information about the mineralogical composition from certain planar sections can be gained. For the analysis of tomographic images of particle systems the extraction of single particles is essential. This is performed with a marker-based watershed algorithm and a post-processing step utilizing a neural network to reduce oversegmentation. The results are validated by comparing the 3D particle-wise segmentation empirically with 2D SEM images, which have been obtained with a different imaging process and segmentation algorithm. Finally, a stereological application is shown, in which planar SEM images are embedded into the tomographic 3D image. This allows the estimation of local X-ray attenuation coefficients, which are material-specific quantities, in the entire tomographic image.

The two high-pressure water-retaining dams at the Ibbenbüren coalmine in Münsterland (Germany) have to perform reliably under the induced tension caused by further exploitation of the current mining area. The load-bearing and the sealing functions of the new barriers were separated and new sealing materials were developed. An innovative multilayer sealing system of bentonite and sandwiched equipotential layers (SANDWICH) supporting homogeneous swelling and sealing, independent of formation water (Nüesch et al., 2002), was applied in this project. A testing program of strain-controlled swelling pressure tests on compacted bentonite specimens and on a bentonite/sand mixture was conducted to ensure an adequate potential for swelling-pressure development.

The measurements under constant volume for dry densities between 1.45 g/cm3 and 1.67 g/cm3 showed an evolving swelling pressure between 1.04 and 1.8 MPa for 100% bentonite samples. Straincontrolled oedometer tests for zero strain and step-wise applied strain up to 2% revealed that a sufficient magnitude of swelling pressure existed at maximum applied strain.

The illegal killing and taking of wild birds remains a major threat on a global scale. However, there are few quantitative data on the species affected and countries involved. We quantified the scale and scope of this issue in Northern and Central Europe and the Caucasus, using a diverse range of data sources and incorporating expert knowledge. The issue was reported to be widespread across the region and affects almost all countries/territories assessed. We estimated that 0.4–2.1 million birds per year may be killed/taken illegally in the region. The highest estimate of illegal killing in the region was for Azerbaijan (0.2-1.0 million birds per year). Out of the 20 worst locations identified, 13 were located in the Caucasus. Birds were reported to be illegally killed/taken primarily for sport and food in the Caucasus and for sport and predator/pest control in both Northern and Central Europe. All of the 28 countries assessed are parties to the Bern Convention and 19 are also European Union Member States. There are specific initiatives under both these policy instruments to tackle this threat, yet our data showed that illegal killing and taking is still occurring and is not restricted to Mediterranean European countries. Markedly increased effort is required to ensure that existing legislation is adequately implemented and complied with/enforced on the ground. Our study also highlighted the paucity of data on illegal killing and taking of birds in the region. It is a priority, identified by relevant initiatives under the Bern Convention and the European Union, to implement systematic monitoring of illegal killing and taking and to collate robust data, allowing stakeholders to set priorities, track trends and monitor the effectiveness of responses.

In this paper we study certain sheaves of $p$-adically complete rings of differential operators on semistable models of the projective line over the ring of integers in a finite extension $L$ of $\mathbb{Q}_{p}$. The global sections of these sheaves can be identified with (central reductions of) analytic distribution algebras of wide open congruence subgroups. It is shown that the global sections functor furnishes an equivalence between the categories of coherent module sheaves and finitely presented modules over the distribution algebras. Using the work of M. Emerton, we then describe admissible representations of $\text{GL}_{2}(L)$ in terms of sheaves on the projective limit of these formal schemes. As an application, we show that representations coming from certain equivariant line bundles on Drinfeld’s first étale covering of the $p$-adic upper half plane are admissible.

Congenitally unguarded morphologically tricuspid valvar orifice is a rare abnormality, usually associated with pulmonary atresia. We describe such a case found in association with discordant atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections in which the aortic valve was atretic. Presentation was with respiratory distress due to severe cardiac failure after birth. Echocardiography demonstrated a dilated systemic ventricle with poor function, left atrial enlargement, and aortic atresia. The clinical findings were confirmed at autopsy.

The ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN), the pretectal nuclear complex (PNC) and the superior colliculus (SC) are structures that all receive retinal input. All three structures are important relay stations of the subcortical visual system. They are strongly connected with each other and involved in circadian and/or visuomotor processes. However, the information transferred along these pathways is unknown and their possible functions are, therefore, not well understood. Here, we characterized multiple pathways between the vLGN, the PNC, and the SC electrophysiologically and anatomically in an in vitro study using acute rat brain slices. Using orthodromic and antidromic electrical stimulation, we first characterized vLGN neurons that receive pretectal input and those that project to the PNC. Morphological reconstructions of cells labeled after patch clamp recordings identified these neurons as geniculo-tectal neurons and as medium-sized multipolar neurons. We identified inhibitory connections in both pathways and we could show that inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) evoked from the PNC in vLGN neurons are mediated only by GABAA receptors, while IPSCs evoked in PNC neurons by vLGN stimulation are either mediated by both, GABAA and GABAC receptors or by a GABA receptor with mixed GABAA and GABAC receptor-like pharmacology. Finally, retrograde double labeling experiments with two different fluorescent dextran amines indicated that pretectal neurons which project to the ipsilateral vLGN also project to the ipsilateral SC.

Ta based films are important building blocks for modern microelectronic applications. To meet the requirements of miniaturization, atomic layer deposition appears to be an alternative technology in comparison to PVD and CVD. In the present paper investigations of a thermal TBTDET ALD process will be presented with emphasis to the first ALD reaction cycles on native silicon oxide and HF etched silicon surfaces. The investigations show that the substrate chemistry is a crucial parameter for the film growth and appears to be a key to control the ALD deposition. The investigations were done by XPS without any vacuum break between the deposition and the surface analysis.

Dem Programm in Apg 1.8 entsprechend gliedert Lukas die Apostelgeschichte unter geographischer Hinsicht in drei Abschnitte, in denen er die Verbreitung des Evangeliums bis zu den Enden der Erde als neue Form der Zerstreuung beschreibt. Diese Zerstreuung wird nicht mehr wie in der alttestamentlichen Prophetie als Realisierung des Gerichts, sondern als Weg des Heils verstanden. An die Stelle einer endzeitlichen Sammlung auf dem Zion rückt der Evangelist die Sammlung Israels und der Völker in der positiv verstandenen Diaspora. Vor diesem Hintergrund endet die Apostelgeschichte sinnvoll im neuen Babylon mit Paulus' Verkündigung in Gefangenschaft.