The relationship between magmatism and gold mineralization has been a topic of interest in understanding the formation of ore deposits. The Baizhangzi gold deposit, located in the northern margin of the North China Craton, is hosted by the Baizhangzi granite (BZG) and provides a case to evaluate the relation between granite and gold mineralization in Late Triassic. In this study, we present petrography, bulk geochemistry, zircon U-Pb isotope and trace elements data, as well as major elements of biotite and plagioclase for the BZG to evaluate the petrogenesis and link with gold mineralization. The BZG comprises biotite monzogranite, biotite-bearing monzogranite and monzogranite (BZGs). Zircon U-Pb geochronology shows that all the granitoids of BZGs were coeval with a formation age of 232 Ma. The granitoids, with high SiO2, Al2O3 and Sr, while low Y and Yb, show adakitic affinity. They are enriched in LILFs (e.g., Rb, Ba, Th, U and Sr) and LREEs, while depletion in HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ta, P and Ti). The geochemical and mineral chemical data suggest that the granitoids have experienced the fractional crystallization of biotite + plagioclase + K- feldspar + apatite. Crystallization temperature is estimated as ca. 700°C, and pressure is between 0.71 kbar and 1.60 kbar. The monzogranite shows higher values of logfO2, △FMQ and △NNO than the biotite-bearing monzogranite, ranging from −19.76 to −11.71, −4.93 to +3.67 and −5.48 to +3.11, respectively. The fractional crystallization, together with high fO2, K-metasomatism and low evolution degree, provided favourable conditions for gold mineralization.

Background: Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is an invasive intervention for patients with respiratory failure associated with COVID-19. This meta-analysis aims to determine the incidence of neurovascular complications in COVID-19 patients requiring VV-ECMO. Methods: Systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases was performed to identify studies that reported neurovascular complications of adult COVID-19 patients on VV-ECMO for respiratory failure. Case series and reports were excluded. Studies with 95% or more of its patients on VV-ECMO were pooled for meta-analysis. Results: Eighteen studies (n=1968) were included for meta-analyses. In COVID-19 patients requiring VV-ECMO, the incidences of intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke were 11% [95% CI, 8–15%] and 2% [95% CI, 1–3%], respectively. Intraparenchymal and subarachnoid hemorrhages accounted for 73% and 8% of all intracranial hemorrhages, respectively. The risk ratio of mortality in COVID-19 patients with neurovascular complications on VV-ECMO compared to patients without neurovascular complications was 2.24 [95% CI, 1.46–3.46]. Conclusions: COVID-19 patients requiring VV-ECMO have a higher incidence of intracranial hemorrhage compared to historical data in non-COVID-19 patients (11% vs. 8%), while the incidence of ischemic stroke is similar (2%) in both cohorts. COVID-19 patients with neurovascular complications on VV-ECMO are at an increased risk of death.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Childhood psychiatric symptoms are highly comorbid. Their co-occurrence and association with negative life outcomes is partially explained by deficits in executive control, or processes enabling self-regulation. Here, we test a novel executive neural target in three fMRI tasks and its relevance to shared psychopathology. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We studied 60 children [15 F/45 M; mean age (SD)=11.6 years (1.62)] with diverse diagnoses including attention deficit disorder (n=26) and autism spectrum disorder (n=22). We extracted a latent general factor of psychopathology using principal component analyses applied to parent-report Child Behavior Checklist syndrome scores. Subjects completed 3 executive control fMRI probes, tapping adaptive control, working memory, and inhibition. Correlational psychophysiological interaction (cPPI) analysis measured correlations between executive control-related modulations of activity in 414 network-affiliated parcels. We selected parcels exhibiting control-related cross-network correlations as well as control-related activity across all tasks and tested them for association with psychopathology. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: cPPI connectivity matrices were thresholded and graphs were identified using the Network-Based Statistic toolbox (p90th percentile PC) as well as control-related activation (>10% activated voxels; p DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results examine cross-network interactions between brain regions during 3 fMRI tasks and their role in explaining individual variation in psychopathology. As executive control links to both comorbidity and life outcomes, identifying the clinically-relevant neural correlates of controlled behavior may lead to transdiagnostic treatments.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Smoking is a well-established risk factor for lung cancer, but never smokers account for up to 25% of lung cancer cases. There is mounting evidence that lung cancer in never smokers is biologically distinct. We aim to characterize the genomic and immunologic features of lung adenocarcinoma in never smokers versus smokers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We examined clinical, genomic, and bulk-RNA sequencing data from 499 patients in the TCGA lung adenocarcinoma cohort. Tumor mutation burden was analyzed using maftools (R package). Tumor immune characterization was completed using CIBERSORTx, a digital cytometry tool that uses single cell reference profiles to determine immune cell type frequencies from bulk-RNA sequencing data. Single cell reference profiles for 19 different immune cell types were constructed from sequencing of freshly resected lung tumor tissue from UCSF patients. Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM; R package) was used to identify distinct immune phenotypes based on immune cell composition. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate for associations between immune phenotypes and smoking status. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of the 499 TCGA lung adenocarcinoma patients, 75 were never smokers, 269 were female, and 246 were over the age of 65. Never smokers had lower tumor mutation burden and lower predicted neoantigen burden compared to smokers (p < 0.001). There was no difference in total tumor immune cell infiltration between never smokers and smokers. PAM yielded 2 distinct clusters/immune phenotypes. The first was enriched in M1 Macrophages, cytotoxic T Cells, helper T Cells, regulatory T Cells, and Plasma Cells. The second was enriched in plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, M2 Macrophages, and exhausted cytotoxic T Cells. Never smoking status was associated with an increased odds of having the first immune phenotype (OR 1.95, 95% CI: 1.15 - 3.35) and this association was statistically significant (p = 0.0086). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest that never smokers have an immune phenotype that is distinct from that observed in smokers. The distinct immune characteristics we observed could explain clinical trial data suggesting immune checkpoint inhibitors are less effective in never smokers and hold implications for tailoring therapy.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Development of a user friendly home kit that enables kidney transplant recipients to process urine at home and post the lysate containing RNA to a Core Laboratory would simplify urinary cell mRNA profiling and facilitate longitudinal monitoring. We report our home processing protocol and investigation of its diagnostic performance characteristics. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We developed a home processing protocol (HPP) consisting of urine filtration and lysis of urinary cells, both performed at home by the kidney transplant recipients (KTR) themselves, followed by isolation of total RNA from the lysate and mRNA enrichment using a silica-membrane-based cartridge, both performed at the Core Laboratory. Using the HPP, total RNA was isolated from kidney allograft biopsy-matched urines and absolute copy numbers of CD3εmRNA, CXCL10 mRNA, and 18S rRNA, components of the Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation 04 (CTOT-04) three-gene TCMR diagnostic signature, and urinary cell BKV VP1 mRNA copy number, were measured using customized RT-qPCR assays. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: CTOT-04 three-gene TCMR diagnostic signature scores in urine processed using HPP discriminated KTR with TCMR (12 TCMR biopsies from 11 KTR) from KTR with no TCMR/BKVN (29 No TCMR/No BKVN biopsies from 29 KTR) (P=0.0005, Mann-Whitney test), and AUROC was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.69 to 0.98). TCMR was diagnosed with sensitivity of 67% (95% CI, 35 to 89) at a specificity of 86% (95% CI, 67 to 95) using the CTOT-04 validated cutpoint of -1.213 (P=0.0016,Fisher exact test). BKV VP1 mRNA copy number in urine processed with HPP discriminated KTR with BKVN (n=7) from KTR with no TCMR/BKVN (n=29) and AUROC was 1.0 (95% CI, 1.00 to 1.00). BKVN was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 86% (95% CI, 42 to 99) at specificity of 100% (95% CI, 85 to 100) with the previously validated cutpoint of 6.5x10^8 BKV VP1 mRNA copies/μg of RNA (P DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Urine processed using the HPP predicted TCMR and BKVN in KTR. The HPP represents not only a significant advance towards portability of urinary cell mRNA profiling but also should improve patient management by minimizing visits for urine collection.

Objectives: Over the past 2 years, many infection prevention and control (IPC) resources have been diverted to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Its impact on the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms has not been adequately studied. We investigated the impact of the pandemic on the incidence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in Singapore. Methods: We extracted data on unique CRE isolates (clinical and/or surveillance cultures) and patient days for 6 public hospitals in Singapore from the carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CaPES) study group database, and we calculated the monthly incidence of CRE (per 10,000 patient days). Interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis was conducted with the pre–COVID-19 period defined as before February 2020, and the COVID-19 period defined as after February 2020. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 15 software. Results: From January 2017 to March 2021, 6,770 CRE isolates and 9,126,704 patient days were documented. The trend in CRE monthly incidence increased significantly during the pre–COVID-19 period (0.060; 95% CI, 0.033–0.094; P < .001) but decreased during the COVID-19 period (−0.183; 95% CI, −0.390 to 0.023; P = .080) without stepwise change in the incidence (−1.496; 95% CI, −3.477 to 0.485; P = .135). The trend in monthly incidence rate of CRE clinical cultures increased significantly during the pre–COVID-19 period (0.046; 95% CI, 0.028–0.064; P < .001) and decreased significantly during COVID-19 period (−0.148; 95% CI, −0.249 to −0.048; P = .048) with no stepwise change in the incidence (−0.063; 95% CI, −0.803 to 0.677; P = .864). The trend in monthly incidence rate of CRE surveillance cultures decreased during the pre–COVID-19 period (−0.020; 95% CI, −0.062 to 0.022; P = .341) and the COVID-19 period (−0.067; 95% CI, −0.291to 0.158; P = .552) without stepwise change in the incidence (−1.327; 95% CI, −3.535 to 0.881; P = .233). Conclusions: The rate of CRE in clinical cultures decreased during COVID-19 but not the rate in surveillance cultures. Further studies are warranted to study the impact of COVID-19 on CREs.

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The US craft brewery industry has grown steadily in recent years before the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of small, independently owned craft breweries rely on tasting rooms for revenues and profits. Using data collected from a survey of tasting room visitors from 21 craft breweries in New York, this research investigates factors influencing visitors’ customer satisfaction (CS) and the link between brewery tasting room CS and sales performance. The results show that brewery interior ambience, beer tasting execution, and friendliness and knowledge of servers are the main factors influencing CS in tasting rooms. Furthermore, results suggest that higher CS levels increase visitors’ purchase likelihood and beer purchase amounts (by volume and value). These findings indicate that breweries should focus on such factors as strengthening staff training, enhancing tasting room ambience, and improving beer tasting execution that have the highest positive influence on CS to increase sales. This study has implications for the rapidly growing craft brewery industry in the USA.