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3 results

  • Prospective Salmonella Enteritidis surveillance and outbreak detection using whole genome sequencing, Minnesota 2015–2017

  • J. M. Rounds, A. J. Taylor, D. Eikmeier, M. M. Nichols, V. Lappi, S. E. Wirth, D. J. Boxrud, K. E. Smith, C. Medus
  • Journal:
    Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 148 / 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 June 2020, e254
    • Article
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  • Clusters of Salmonella Enteritidis cases were identified by the Minnesota Department of Health using both pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) single nucleotide polymorphism analysis from 1 January 2015 through 31 December 2017. The median turnaround time for obtaining WGS results was 11 days longer than for PFGE (12 vs. 1 day). WGS analysis more than doubled the number of clusters compared to PFGE analysis, but reduced the total number of cases included in clusters by 34%. The median cluster size was two cases for WGS compared to four for PFGE, and the median duration of WGS clusters was 27 days shorter than PFGE clusters. While the percentage of PFGE clusters with a confirmed source (46%) was higher than WGS clusters (32%), a higher percentage of cases in clusters that were confirmed as outbreaks reported the vehicle or exposure of interest for WGS (78%) than PFGE (46%). WGS cluster size was a significant predictor of an outbreak source being confirmed. WGS data have enhanced S. Enteritidis cluster investigations in Minnesota by improving the specificity of cluster case definitions and has become an integral part of the S. Enteritidis surveillance process.

  • 65 - PGD for Chromosomal Anomalies

  • from PART III - ASSISTED REPRODUCTION
  • Edited by Botros R. M. B. Rizk, University of South Alabama, Juan A. Garcia-Velasco, Hassan N. Sallam, Antonis Makrigiannakis, University of Crete
  • Book:
    Infertility and Assisted Reproduction
    Published online:
    04 August 2010
    Print publication:
    15 September 2008, pp 643-656

  • Summary

    This chapter describes the data on pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for aneuploidy screening (AS), focusing in two main topics: the chromosomal status of human gametes and embryos and the clinical application of PGD-AS in assisted reproductive technology (ART) and its controversies. In oocytes, the most frequent abnormalities detected were single chromosome trisomy and monosomy. The maternal origin of aneuploidy is prevalent in abnormal human conceptuses, and reproductive maternal aging is the important factor affecting the frequency of aneuploidy. Previous history of spontaneous abortions is a risk factor of pregnancy loss even in patients with normal karyotype. New evolving technologies will be able to significantly increase the sensitivity of PGD and reduce the diagnostic errors. Biological events such as mosaicism, postzygotes aneuploides, and trisomic rescue can cause diagnostic errors. With the view that efficiency can be significantly improved, PGD-AS has to be considered as a tool to implement ART procedure.