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6 results

  • Lorentz Factor Evolution Patterns within Relativistic Jets of GRBs and AGNs

  • Hai-Ming Zhang, Da-Bin Lin, Ting-Ting Lin, Bao-Rong Liu, Xiao-Li Huang, Shu-Qing Zhong, Rui-Jing Lu, En-Wei Liang
  • Journal:
    Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 12 / Issue S324 / September 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 June 2017, pp. 78-81
    Print publication:
    September 2016
    • Article
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  • The Lorentz factor (Γ) is an important parameter related to the relativistic jet physics. We study the evolution patterns of Γ within gamma-ray burst (GRB) and active galactic nuclear jets for individual GRB 090168, GRB 140508A, and 3C 454.3. By estimating the Γ values for well-separated pulses in GRBs 090618 and 140508A with an empirical relation derived from typical GRBs, we find that the Γ evolution pattern in the two GRBs are different. The increasing-to-coasting evolution pattern of Γ in GRB 090618 likely indicates that the GRB fireball is still being accelerated in the prompt phase. The clear decrease evolution pattern of Γ in GRB 140508A suggests the deceleration of the fireball components. By deriving the Γ value through fitting their spectral energy distribution in different flares of 3C 454.3, a pattern of Γ-tracking-γ-ray flux is clearly found, likely indicating that the observed gamma-ray flares are being due to the Doppler boosting effect to the jet emission.

  • Challenges and opportunities in environmental biosafety research

  • Bao-Rong Lu, Jeremy Sweet
  • Journal:
    Environmental Biosafety Research / Volume 9 / Issue 1 / January 2010
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 December 2010, pp. 1-3
    Print publication:
    January 2010
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  • The current strategy of repair of tetralogy of Fallot in children and adults*

  • Guo-Wei He, Xiao-Cheng Liu, Xiang-Rong Kong, Li-Xin Liu, Ying-Qun Yan, Bao-Jun Chen, Zong-Xiao Li, Wen-Bin Jing, Zheng-Qing Wang, Kai Wang, Wei Zhang, Tie-Nan Chen, Ping-Shan Wang, Wan-li Lu, Jian-Liang Zhang, Zhi-Peng Guo, Lan-Gang Xue, Yu-Xiang Zhu, Xiu-Li Wang, Lei Xi
  • Journal:
    Cardiology in the Young / Volume 18 / Issue 6 / December 2008
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 December 2008, pp. 608-614
  • Objectives

    The strategies of repair of tetralogy of Fallot change with the age of patients. In children older than 4 years and adults, the optimal strategy may be to use different method of reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract from those followed in younger children, so as to avoid, or reduce, the pulmonary insufficiency that is increasingly known to compromise right ventricular function.

    Methods

    From April, 2001, through May, 2008, we undertook complete repair in 312 patients, 180 male and 132 female, with a mean age of 11.3 years ±0.4 years, and a range from 4 to 48 years, with typical clinical and morphological features of tetralogy of Fallot, including 42 patients with the ventriculo-arterial connection of double outlet right ventricle. The operation was performed under moderate hypothermia using blood cardioplegia. The ventricular septal defect was closed with a Dacron patch. When it was considered necessary to resect the musculature within the right ventricular outflow tract, or perform pulmonary valvotomy, we sought to preserve the function of the pulmonary valve by protecting as far as possible the native leaflets, or creating a folded monocusp of autologous pericardium.

    Results

    The repair was achieved completely through right atrium in 192, through the right ventricular outflow tract in 83, and through the right atrium, the outflow tract, and the pulmonary trunk in 36 patients. A transjunctional patch was inserted in 169 patients, non-valved in all but 9. There were no differences regarding the periods of aortic cross-clamping or cardiopulmonary bypass. Of the patients, 5 died (1.6%), with no influence noted for the transjunctional patch. Of those having a non-valved patch inserted, three-tenths had pulmonary regurgitation of various degree, while those having a valved patch had minimal pulmonary insufficiency and good right ventricular function postoperatively, this being maintained after follow-up of 8 to 24-months.

    Conclusions

    Based on our experience, we suggest that the current strategy of repair of tetralogy of Fallot in older children and adults should be based on minimizing the insertion of transjunctional patches, this being indicated only in those with very small ventriculo-pulmonary junctions. If such a patch is necessary, then steps should be taken to preserve the function of the pulmonary valve.

  • Editorial. Transgene containment by molecular means - is it possible and cost effective?

  • Bao-Rong Lu
  • Journal:
    Environmental Biosafety Research / Volume 2 / Issue 1 / January 2003
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 January 2003, pp. 3-8
    Print publication:
    January 2003
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  • With the rapid advancement of transgenic biotechnology, large numbers of transgenic crops have been produced and released for commercial cultivation (James, 2001), raising considerable biosafety concerns all over the world. One of the major issues is the potential ecological risk resulting from transgenes escaping into and persist- ing in the environment. The extensive on-going debate on this issue (Arriola, 1997; Wolfenbarger and Phifer, 2000; Crawley et al., 2001; Prakash, 2001; Dale et al., 2002) poses challenging questions regarding the research direc- tions that need to be taken to ensure that biotechnology outputs are responsibly deployed worldwide. Unless these biosafety issues are satisfactorily addressed, large-scale commercial release of the transgenic crops developed and further advancement of transgenic bio- technology are likely to be hampered. For an in-depth review of crop-to-wild gene flow, see Jenczewski et al. (2002) in this number of EBR. Here the more specific issue of the effectiveness of preventing gene flow from occurring will be discussed.