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31 results

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  • Beautiful Polecats: The Living and the Dead in Julius Caesar

  • Edited by Emma Smith, University of Oxford
  • Book: Shakespeare Survey 72
  • Published online: 18 September 2019
  • Print publication: 12 September 2019, pp 160-170

  • Summary

    Dr Johnson said that a pun was Shakespeare’s fatal Cleopatra. I want to argue that puns are, appropriately enough, at work with particular vigour in a play about one of Cleopatra’s lovers. Julius Caesar features a series of puns very early on, starting with the Cobbler’s ‘[a] trade, sir, that I hope I may use with a safe conscience, which is indeed, sir, a mender of bad soles’ (1.1.13–14),2 and followed by his retort to Flavius – ‘[n]ay I beseech you, sir, be not out with me: yet if you be out, sir, I can mend you’ (1.1.16–17) – and finally by ‘[t]ruly, sir, all that I live by, is with the awl’ (1.1.22).

Women on the Edge in Early Modern Europe
  • Edited by Aidan Norrie, Lisa Hopkins
  • Published by: Amsterdam University Press
  • Published online: 25 November 2020
  • Print publication: 25 February 2019
  • Women on the Edge in Early Modern Europe examines the lives of women whose gender impeded the exercise of their personal, political, and religious agency, with an emphasis on the conflict that occurred when they crossed the edges society placed on their gender. Many of the women featured in this collection have only been afforded cursory scholarly focus, or the focus has been isolated to a specific, (in)famous event. This collection redresses this imbalance by providing comprehensive discussions of the women’s lives, placing the matter that makes them known to history within the context of their entire life. Focusing on women from different backgrounds ‘such as Marie Meurdrac, the French chemist; Anna Trapnel, the Fifth Monarchist and prophetess; and Cecilia of Sweden, princess, margravine, countess, and regent’ this collection brings together a wide range of scholars from a variety of disciplines to bring attention to these previously overlooked women.

  • 1 - Introduction: Early Modern European Women and the Edge

  • Edited by Aidan Norrie, Lisa Hopkins
  • Book: Women on the Edge in Early Modern Europe
  • Published by: Amsterdam University Press
  • Published online: 25 November 2020
  • Print publication: 25 February 2019, pp 15-26

  • Summary

    Abstract

    This chapter introduces the studies presented in Women on the Edge in Early Modern Europe, situating the chapters within both the burgeoning field of gender studies and the ongoing scholarly debates concerning the lived experiences of early modern women. This chapter contextualises the studies that follow by exploring how gender impeded the exercise of women's personal, political, and religious agency, with an emphasis on both the conflict that occurred when a woman crossed the edges society placed on her gender, and the role scholars have played in reinforcing these (often anachronistic) edges.

    Keywords: women; gender; early modern; Europe; edge

    In the Blackadder II episode ‘Bells’, Elizabeth I's nurse offers a comment on the way sex and gender affected women in early modern Europe that, for all its ostensible naïveté, is in fact surprisingly astute:

    Nursie: You almost were a boy, my little cherry-pip.

    Queenie: What?

    Nursie: Yeah! Out you popped out of your mummy's tumkin, and everyone shouted, ‘It's a boy, it's a boy!’ And then someone said: ‘But it hasn't got a winkle!’ And then I said: ‘A boy without a winkle? God be praised, it's a miracle. A boy without a winkle!’ And then Sir Thomas More pointed out that a boy without a winkle is a girl, and everyone was really disappointed.

    Lord Melchett: Ah yes, well you see, he was a very perceptive man, Sir Thomas More.

    Elizabeth was the child of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, and was thus royal and eligible to succeed according to English law, but for the absence of a ‘winkle’, her ability to rule—based on her perceived sex—was questioned, and potentially even negated. The point ended up being rather moot: both Elizabeth and her half-sister Mary ruled England as female kings, which has the effect of making Nursie's observation all the more humorous.

    As this short interaction demonstrates, gender was a site of contest and anxiety in early modern England, and early modern Europe more broadly.

  • 8 - On the Edge of the S(h)elf: Arbella Stuart

  • Edited by Aidan Norrie, Lisa Hopkins
  • Book: Women on the Edge in Early Modern Europe
  • Published by: Amsterdam University Press
  • Published online: 25 November 2020
  • Print publication: 25 February 2019, pp 159-178

  • Summary

    Abstract

    Lady Arbella Stuart (1575–1615) was potentially heir to the thrones of both England and Scotland, though in the end she inherited neither. Before James VI had children, Arbella was arguably his closest heir; even after that, she had a credible claim to succeed Elizabeth I, since unlike James she was born in England. This chapter considers how Arbella's actual and potential identities were shaped and represented by both herself and others in the various Renaissance plays that seem to echo her story, and also the various role models available to her: her aunt Mary, Queen of Scots; her formidable grandmother Bess of Hardwick; Elizabeth I; and the two Grey sisters, Lady Jane and Lady Catherine, with whom she seems to have felt a special affinity.

    Keywords: starvation; drama; succession

    Lady Arbella Stuart (1575–1615) sat on the edge of two thrones, though in the end she inherited neither. As the daughter of Charles Stuart, Earl of Lennox, the younger brother of James VI's father Lord Darnley, Arbella could trace her ancestry back through her paternal grandmother Margaret Douglas to a royal great-grandmother, Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII, sister of Henry VIII, and wife of James IV of Scots. Before James VI married and had children, Arbella was arguably his closest heir; even after that, she retained a very credible claim to be considered as the successor of Elizabeth I, since she shared James's Tudor blood but not his disadvantage of having been born outside the realm. In this chapter, I consider both what Arbella was, and what she might have been, and how her actual and potential identities were shaped and represented by both herself and others.

    While her maternal grandmother, Bess of Hardwick, sewed the self and built the self, Arbella Stuart wrote the self. Sara Jayne Steen notes that ‘At court, she was acknowledged to be a fine writer, one whose words were read aloud in the king's Privy Council and commended’. She may have written poetry: Aemilia Lanyer seems to have thought so, and Steen notes that ‘Bathsua Makin in 1673 commended Stuart's “great faculty in Poetry” and several later writers echoed this point’, though no verse by her has ever been identified.

  • Declines in traditional marine food intake and vitamin D levels from the 1960s to present in young Alaska Native women

  • Diane M O’Brien, Kenneth E Thummel, Lisa R Bulkow, Zhican Wang, Brittany Corbin, Joseph Klejka, Scarlett E Hopkins, Bert B Boyer, Thomas W Hennessy, Rosalyn Singleton
  • Journal: Public Health Nutrition / Volume 20 / Issue 10 / July 2017
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 July 2016, pp. 1738-1745
    • Article
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  • Objective

    To measure the trends in traditional marine food intake and serum vitamin D levels in Alaska Native women of childbearing age (20–29 years old) from the 1960s to the present.

    Design

    We measured a biomarker of traditional food intake, the δ15N value, and vitamin D level, as 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) concentration, in 100 serum samples from 20–29-year-old women archived in the Alaska Area Specimen Bank, selecting twenty-five per decade from the 1960s to the 1990s. We compared these with measurements of red-blood-cell δ15N values and serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations from 20–29-year-old women from the same region collected during the 2000s and 2010s in a Center for Alaska Native Health Research study.

    Setting

    The Yukon Kuskokwim Delta region of south-west Alaska.

    Subjects

    Alaska Native women (n 319) aged 20–29 years at the time of specimen collection.

    Results

    Intake of traditional marine foods, as measured by serum δ15N values, decreased significantly each decade from the 1960s through the 1990s, then remained constant from the 1990s through the present (F5,306=77·4, P<0·0001). Serum vitamin D concentrations also decreased from the 1960s to the present (F4,162=26·1, P<0·0001).

    Conclusions

    Consumption of traditional marine foods by young Alaska Native women dropped significantly between the 1960s and the 1990s and was associated with a significant decline in serum vitamin D concentrations. Studies are needed to evaluate the promotion of traditional marine foods and routine vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy for this population.

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