A broad range of psychotherapies have been proposed and evaluated in the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD), but the question which specific type of psychotherapy is most effective remains unanswered. In this study, two network meta-analyses (NMAs) were conducted investigating the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapies on (1) BPD severity and (2) suicidal behaviour (combined rate). Study drop-out was included as a secondary outcome. Six databases were searched until 21 January 2022, including RCTs on the efficacy of any psychotherapy in adults (⩾18 years) with a diagnosis of (sub)clinical BPD. Data were extracted using a predefined table format. PROSPERO ID:CRD42020175411. In our study, a total of 43 studies (N = 3273) were included. We found significant differences between several active comparisons in the treatment of (sub)clinical BPD, however, these findings were based on very few trials and should therefore be interpreted with caution. Some therapies were more efficacious compared to GT or TAU. Furthermore, some treatments more than halved the risk of attempted suicide and committed suicide (combined rate), reporting RRs around 0.5 or lower, however, these RRs were not statistically significantly better compared to other therapies or to TAU. Study drop-out significantly differed between some treatments. In conclusion, no single treatment seems to be the best choice to treat people with BPD compared to other treatments. Nevertheless, psychotherapies for BPD are perceived as first-line treatments, and should therefore be investigated further on their long-term effectiveness, preferably in head-to-head trials. DBT was the best connected treatment, providing solid evidence of its effectiveness.

To generate aerodynamic forces required for flight, two-winged insects (Diptera) move their wings back and forth at high wing-beat frequencies. This results in exceptionally high wing-stroke accelerations, and consequently relatively high acceleration-dependent fluid forces. Quasi-steady fluid force models have reasonable success in relating the generated aerodynamic forces to the instantaneous wing motion kinematics. However, existing approaches model the stroke-rate and stroke-acceleration effects independently from each other, which might be too simplified for capturing the complex unsteady aerodynamics of accelerating wings. Here, we use computational-fluid-dynamics simulations to systematically explore how aerodynamic forces and flow dynamics depend on wing-stroke rate, wing-stroke acceleration and wing-planform geometry. Based on this, we developed and calibrated a novel unsteady aerodynamic force model for insect wings with stroke accelerations. This includes improved versions of the translational-force model and the added-mass force model, and we identify a third novel component generated by the interaction of the two. This term reflects the delay in bound-circulation build-up as the wing accelerates. The physical interpretation of this effect is analogous to the Wagner effect experienced by a wing starting from rest. Here, we show that this effect can be modelled in the context of flapping wings as a stroke-acceleration-dependent correction on the translational-force model. Our revised added-mass model includes a viscous force component, which is relatively small but not negligible. We subsequently applied our new model to realistic wing-beat kinematics of hovering Dipteran insects, in a quasi-steady approach. This revealed that stroke-acceleration-related aerodynamic forces contribute substantially to lift and drag production, particularly for high-frequency flapping mosquito wings.

In the case of a first episode of psychosis among members of different associations of families of mentally ill people, little is known about their priorities and how satisfied they are with the help provided to them. A survey was conducted in five European family associations. Respondents emphasized the need for early (ambulant) intervention through outreach with very practical goals directed at creating stability and social functioning. About one-third of the respondents are unsatisfied or very unsatisfied. The highest percentage of unsatisfied respondents was in the following five areas of care: advice on how to handle specific problems; help with preserving or regaining social functioning; help with regaining structure and routine; information; prompt assistance preferably in patientˈs own environment. The agreement of these findings with findings from earlier studies underlines the importance of suggesting specific changes in the delivery of care.

Psychiatric services providing care for patients and their families confronted with a first psychotic episode need to be sensitive towards patients’ and families’ preferences. Ten patients, ten family members and ten professional caregivers composed a list of 42 preferences in the treatment for a first psychotic episode. In total 99 patients, 100 family members and 263 professional caregivers evaluated these preferences, thus producing an order of priorities. There appears to be considerable agreement among the groups of respondents regarding their top ten priorities, especially concerning information on diagnosis and medication. However, we found important differences between groups of respondents. The results suggest that in psychiatric services great attention should be given to psycho-education and early outpatient intervention.

We report a novel strategy to render stainless steel (SS) a more versatile material that is suitable to be used as the substrate for preparing electrodes for efficient hydrogen evolution by interface engineering. Our strategy involves the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) as the interface material on the surface of SS. We optimized the procedure to prepare CNTs/SS and demonstrate a higher activity of the CNTs/SS prepared at 700 °C for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) when compared to samples prepared at other temperatures. This can be attributed to the higher number of defects and the higher content of pyrrolic N obtained at this temperature. Our strategy offers a new approach to employ SS as a substrate for the preparation of highly efficient electrodes and has the potential to be widely used in electrochemistry.

The Boom Clay Formation of early Oligocene age, which occurs underground in northern Belgium, has been studied intensively for decades as a potential host rock for the disposal of nuclear waste. The goal of the present study is to determine a reference composition for the Boom Clay using both literature methods and methods developed during this work. The study was carried out on 20 samples, representative of the lithological variability of the formation. The bulk-rock composition was obtained by X-ray diffraction using a combined full-pattern summation and singlepeak quantification method. Siliciclastics vary from 27 to 72 wt.%, clay minerals with 25–71 wt.% micas, 0–4 wt.% carbonates, 2–4 wt.% accessory minerals (mainly pyrite and anatase) and 0.5–3.5 wt.% organic matter. This bulk-rock composition was validated independently by majorelement chemical analysis. The detailed composition of the clay-sized fraction was determined by modelling of the oriented X-ray diffraction patterns, using a larger sigma star (σ*) value for discrete smectite than for the other clay minerals. The <2 μm clay mineralogy of the Boom Clay is qualitatively homogeneous; it contains 14–25 wt.% illite, 19–39 wt.% smectite, 19–42 wt.% randomly interstratified illite-smectite with about 65% illite layers, 5–12 wt.% kaolinite, 4–17 wt.% randomly interstratified kaolinite-smectite and 2–7 wt.% chloritic minerals (chlorite, “defective” chlorite and interstratified chlorite-smectite). All modelled clay mineral proportions were verified independently using major-element chemistry and cation exchange capacity measurements. Bulkrock and clay mineral analysis results were combined to obtain the overall detailed quantitative composition of the Boom Clay Formation.

The use of underground geological repositories, such as in radioactive waste disposal (RWD) and in carbon capture (widely known as Carbon Capture and Storage; CCS), constitutes a key environmental priority for the 21st century. Based on the identification of key scientific questions relating to the geophysics, geochemistry and geobiology of geodisposal of wastes, this paper describes the possibility of technology transfer from high-technology areas of the space exploration sector, including astrobiology, planetary sciences, astronomy, and also particle and nuclear physics, into geodisposal. Synergies exist between high technology used in the space sector and in the characterization of underground environments such as repositories, because of common objectives with respect to instrument miniaturization, low power requirements, durability under extreme conditions (in temperature and mechanical loads) and operation in remote or otherwise difficult to access environments.

A high-resolution reflection seismic survey was carried out in 1999 over the Feldbiss fault system, the southern border of the Roer Valley graben, in Belgium. Six profile-lines with total length of 13982 m provided information on the 40-600 m depth range, covering Lower Pleistocene to Miocene strata with special emphasis on the Plio-Pleistocene Kieseloolite formation. Data quality depends on near-surface conditions and on degree of deformation in some fault zones, with better results for seismic detonator sources compared to vibroseis sources. The new data confirm the segmented character of the fault system with occurrence of fault bends, relay ramps and branching of overlapping fault sequences, testifying of the strong tectonic activity during the lower Pleistocene. Antiform structures along the Bichterweerd scarp, relaying the Feldbiss to the Geleen fault in the Meuse valley, are presented as a model for the Tertiary evolution of the Bree Uplift.

Frontotemporal brain sagging syndrome is a dementia associated with hypersomnolence, personality changes, and features of intracranial hypotension on magnetic resonance imaging. The literature is sparse with respect to treatment options; many patients simply worsen. We present a case in which this syndrome responded to lumbar dural reduction surgery. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging indicated normalization of brain sagging and lumbar intrathecal pressure. Although no evidence of cerebrospinal leak was found, extremely thin dura was noted intraoperatively, suggesting that a thin and incompetent dura could result in this low-pressure syndrome. Clinicians who encounter this syndrome should consider dural reduction surgery as a treatment strategy.

During the transition from an AGB star to a planetary nebula, a large number of low/intermediate initial mass stars loses its spherical symmetry. The process responsible for that change of morphology is, so far, not well understood. The candidates responsible for shaping these objects are (i) a companion to the star (binary/heavy planet) and its tidal forces, (ii) disk interaction and (iii) magnetic fields - or a combination of these. In particular a binary induced magnetic field is a promising option. To study this we observed the polarization of H2O masers in the known binary pre-Planetary Nebula (pPN) OH231.8+4.2. Our results show a magnetic field B|| of ~45 mG is present in the H2O maser region of this pPN.

The unipolar resisitive switching properties of MOCVD deposited NiO in Ni/NiO/TiN stacks is reported. The switching quality is defined as function of RESET current and Roff/Ron ratio, and the importance of the Forming current and voltage on these parameters is discussed. The effect of structural stack variations as NiO thickness, Ti doping, and TiN thickness on the switching behavior of NiO is explained by the effect on the forming current and voltage conditions, and on Joule heating dissipation. Thinner NiO films, Ti doping, as well as thicker top electrode improve the switching quality by decreasing the RESET current and increasing the Roff/Ron ratio.

We investigated the resistive switching behavior of WOx films. WOx was obtained from the thermal oxidation of W thin layers. The parameters under investigation were the influence of the temperature (450-500 °C) and time (30-220 s) used to obtain the WOx on the resistive switching characteristics of Si\W\WOx\Metal_electrode ReRAM cells. The metal top electrodes (TE) tested were Pt, Ni, Cu and Au. The elemental composition and microstructure of the samples were characterized by means of elastic recoil detection analysis (ERD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray reflectivity (XRR).

Electrical measurement of the WOx-based memory elements revealed bipolar and unipolar switching and this depended upon the oxidation conditions and TE selected. Indeed, switching events were observed in WOx samples obtained either at 450 °C or 500 °C in time windows of 180-200 s and 30-60 s, respectively. Pt and Au TE promoted bipolar switching while unipolar behavior was observed with Ni TE only; no switching events were observed with Cu TE. Good switching characteristics seems not related to the overall thickness, crystallinity and composition of the oxide, but on the W6+/W5+ ratio present on the WOx surface, surface in contact with the TE material. Interestingly, W6+/W5+ ratio can be tuned through the oxidation conditions, showing a path for optimizing the properties of the WOx-based ReRAM cells.