Recent work in the development of glass-ceramic scintillators at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has focused on modifying formulation of the oxide host glass and scintillating crystal phase, secondary heat treatment (ceramization) schedule, and processing improvement to ensure optical quality. These efforts have yielded considerable performance improvements to glass-ceramic scintillators, and have made them among the most promising composite scintillators under investigation. However, these materials still fall short of current commercially-available single crystal scintillators, and so new avenues must be pursued for continued improvements. The present investigation uses predictive simulations to inform the materials selection and process design for high refractive index layers to improve light extraction from the scintillator, and increased light output via bulk or surface plasmon interactions.

Remora fish are capable of fast, reversible and reliable adhesion to a wide variety of both natural and artificial marine hosts through a uniquely evolved dorsal pad. This adhesion is partially attributed to suction, which requires a robust seal between the pad interior and the ambient environment. Understanding the behavior of remora adhesion based on measurable surface parameters and material properties is a critical step when creating artificial, bio-inspired devices. In this work, structural and fluid finite element models (FEM) based on a simplified “unit cell” geometry were developed to predict the behavior of the seal with respect to host/remora surface topology and tissue material properties.

Remoras (echeneid fish) reversibly attach and detach to marine hosts, almost instantaneously, to “hitchhike” and feed. The adhesion mechanisms that they use are remarkably insensitive to substrate topology and quite different from the latching and suction cup-based systems associated with other species at similar length scales. Remora adhesion is also anisotropic; drag forces induced by the swimming host increase adhesive strength, while rapid detachment occurs when the remora reverses this shear load. In this work, an investigation of the adhesive system’s functional morphology and tissue properties was carried out initially through dissection and x-ray microtomographic analyses. Resulting finite element models of these components have provided new insights into the adaptive, hierarchical nature of the mechanisms and a path toward a wide range of engineering applications.