The aim of this chapter is to explain the basic principles of gynaecology ultrasound for all those who are beginning to learn to perform scans, especially transvaginal ultrasound. These same principles will also benefit those who are keen to improve their scanning skills. In this chapter, we shall focus initially on the ultrasound machine itself and then on the scanning techniques, which will help you either as a beginner or to improve your scanning capability. Chapter 3 will focus on awkward or difficult clinical scenarios.

When performing ultrasound examination, there are times when the views are not optimal. This chapter will highlight such situations and help one to recognize them. This chapter aims to describe the findings and possible suggestions, which may help to optimize the ultrasound imaging. Following the basic principles as described in Chapters 1 and 2 will go a long way to helping with difficult cases, and these will be reinforced in each scenario described below. While reporting the findings, acknowledging the limitations of the scan findings is very important, especially as many clinicians will be managing the patients on the basis of the report only.