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171 results

Page 1 of 9

  • 1 - Introduction to Privacy-preserving Computing

  • Kai Chen, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Qiang Yang, WeBank and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
  • Book:
    Privacy-preserving Computing
    Published online:
    26 October 2023
    Print publication:
    16 November 2023, pp 1-12
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  • Changing trends in the global burden of mental disorders from 1990 to 2019 and predicted levels in 25 years

  • Yang Wu, Lu Wang, Mengjun Tao, Huiru Cao, Hui Yuan, Mingquan Ye, Xingui Chen, Kai Wang, Chunyan Zhu
  • Journal:
    Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences / Volume 32 / 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    07 November 2023, e63
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • Aims

    The burden of mental disorders is increasing worldwide, thus, affecting society and healthcare systems. This study investigated the independent influences of age, period and cohort on the global prevalence of mental disorders from 1990 to 2019; compared them by sex; and predicted the future burden of mental disorders in the next 25 years.

    Methods

    The age-specific and sex-specific incidence of mental disorders worldwide was analysed according to the general analysis strategy used in the Global Burden of Disease Study in 2019. The incidence and mortality trends of mental disorders from 1990 to 2019 were evaluated through joinpoint regression analysis. The influences of age, period and cohort on the incidence of mental disorders were evaluated with an age–period–cohort model.

    Results

    From 1990 to 2019, the sex-specific age-standardized incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rate decreased slightly. Joinpoint regression analysis from 1990 to 2019 indicated four turning points in the male DALY rate and five turning points in the female DALY rate. In analysis of age effects, the relative risk (RR) of incidence and the DALY rate in mental disorders in men and women generally showed an inverted U-shaped pattern with increasing age. In analysis of period effects, the incidence of mental disorders increased gradually over time, and showed a sub-peak in 2004 (RR, 1.006 for males; 95% CI, 1.000–1.012; 1.002 for women, 0.997–1.008). Analysis of cohort effects showed that the incidence and DALY rate decreased in successive birth cohorts. The incidence of mental disorders is expected to decline slightly over the next 25 years, but the number of cases is expected to increase.

    Conclusions

    Although the age-standardized burden of mental disorders has declined in the past 30 years, the number of new cases and deaths of mental disorders worldwide has increased, and will continue to increase in the near future. Therefore, relevant policies should be used to promote the prevention and management of known risk factors and strengthen the understanding of risk profiles and incidence modes of mental disorders, to help guide future research on control and prevention strategies.

Privacy-preserving Computing
  • for Big Data Analytics and AI
  • Kai Chen, Qiang Yang
  • Published online:
    26 October 2023
    Print publication:
    16 November 2023
  • Privacy-preserving computing aims to protect the personal information of users while capitalizing on the possibilities unlocked by big data. This practical introduction for students, researchers, and industry practitioners is the first cohesive and systematic presentation of the field's advances over four decades. The book shows how to use privacy-preserving computing in real-world problems in data analytics and AI, and includes applications in statistics, database queries, and machine learning. The book begins by introducing cryptographic techniques such as secret sharing, homomorphic encryption, and oblivious transfer, and then broadens its focus to more widely applicable techniques such as differential privacy, trusted execution environment, and federated learning. The book ends with privacy-preserving computing in practice in areas like finance, online advertising, and healthcare, and finally offers a vision for the future of the field.

  • A 115 ps, 100 Hz high-beam-quality laser based on transient stimulated Brillouin scattering pulse compression

  • Jianfeng Yue, Yulei Wang, Mengyu Jia, Kai Li, Chen Cao, Yu Yu, Yunfei Li, Zhiwei Lü
  • Journal:
    High Power Laser Science and Engineering / Volume 11 / 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 August 2023, e70
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  • This work demonstrates the generation of short pulse duration and high-beam-quality laser pulses using transient stimulated Brillouin scattering at a high repetition rate. Thermal effects and optical breakdown are identified as the main factors that restrict energy reflectivity and beam quality under high repetition rates and transient situations. Through experimental analysis, the interaction length and focal point size are determined to be the key parameters in reducing the thermal effect by reducing the absorption of the laser pulse by the medium. The obtained results show that pulses with a duration of 175 ps and beam quality M2 of around 1.2 can be achieved with a maximum energy reflectivity of over 40% under an interaction length of 50 mm. Furthermore, at an interaction length of 90 mm, a pulse output with a minimum duration of 115 ps (0.5τQ) is achieved.

Page 1 of 9