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27 results

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  • Spring Equinox in the Maghrib: Wrecks, People, and Things in the Sea

  • Julia Clancy-Smith
  • Journal:
    International Journal of Middle East Studies / Volume 48 / Issue 4 / November 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    30 September 2016, pp. 750-753
    Print publication:
    November 2016

  • In 1762, a ghost ship appeared off the Tunisian coast between Tabarka and Bizerte during the spring equinox, notorious for treacherous weather. According to a local chronicler: “Perceived in the distance was a ship with masts but no flag flying that approached the shore, then drew away. It was the month of April [1762] and unusually cold . . . the next morning, we saw the vessel veer toward land while a violent tempest raged.” Wrecked on the rocky shoreline, it funneled unimaginable wealth to pastoralists, villagers, and scavengers from far and wide. The ship proved to be without passengers or crew whose fate remains unknown until this day.

  • INTRODUCTION

  • Julia Clancy-Smith
  • Journal:
    International Journal of Middle East Studies / Volume 44 / Issue 4 / November 2012
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 October 2012, pp. 625-630
    Print publication:
    November 2012

  • This special issue originated in a series of conversations two years ago with IJMES editor Beth Baron regarding the Maghrib's positioning in historical scholarship on the Middle East generally and in our field's flagship journal more specifically. While IJMES has published a number of solo articles devoted to North Africa from a range of disciplines, we concluded that the journal's readers would welcome a corpus of recent work in the historical sciences for the modern period from roughly the late 18th century on. Emphasis upon the modern does not imply that other eras in North Africa's long history have languished for lack of renewed scholarly interest—far from it. The Punic and Roman empires are currently subject to vigorous reinterpretation in order to dismantle dominant colonial and Orientalist interpretations. Moreover, the literature on Muslim Spain and on medieval and early modern North Africa and Iberia, particularly the hotly contested idea of convivencia, has gone from artisanal to industrial production in terms of output. The regionalist frame for the special issue admittedly acknowledges a form of geographically informed “otherness,” but it does so in order to question that distinction. And although the call for papers had invited research whose primary (but by no means sole) focus was the peoples, societies, and states in what we now know as Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, regrettably no submissions on Tripolitania/Libya were received.

  • 4 - Ruptures? Governance in Husaynid-Colonial Tunisia, c. 1870-1914

  • Edited by Veit Bader, Marcel Maussen, Annelies Moors
  • Book:
    Colonial and Post-Colonial Governance of Islam
    Published by:
    Amsterdam University Press
    Published online:
    05 February 2021
    Print publication:
    15 July 2012, pp 65-88

  • Summary

    Introduction

    In a stunning development, the French state announced in 2007 that the Institut Catholique de Paris was organising instructional courses specifically tailored for the nation's imams (Schmidt 2007). The seminars would teach Muslim leaders in France's numerous mosques how to inculcate secular, republican values and norms among their followers, the vast majority being from migrant communities and the largest by far from the Maghreb. This strange twist in the cultural politics of immigration and religion followed years of acrimonious debate over the veil in France (and Europe) that culminated in the 2004 ban on the wearing of conspicuous signs of religious affiliation in public schools (Scott 2007). The next year, the centenary of church-state separation was celebrated in France to mark the passage of the 1905 law. That the two long-standing bêtes noires of the republic - the Catholic Church and Islam - have been recast as collaborators in a state-financed enterprise to promote the idea of the citizen seemed not only curious but also somewhat surreal. For historians of modern North Africa, the announcement conjured up the nineteenth century, although the principal historical actors, at times locked in three- way struggles, had been reconfigured in novel ways to serve the needs of the present. Nevertheless, for the Maghreb, and particularly for colonial Tunisia, the fourth major actor was absent - the large Sicilo-Italian community residing there long before the protectorate, whose numbers ironically grew rapidly after 1881, but whose legal status, determined by the 1896 accords between France and Italy, placed them in a special politico-legal regime.

    Juxtaposing the 2007 announcement with the pre-colonial and colonial periods, it becomes clear that key elements of the equation are roughly similar: minority communities fashioned by waves of settlement; social integration through education; religion as locally lived; legal regimes and the state. For the early protectorate in Tunisia, expatriate residents represented the spoils of at least a half century of highly diverse forms of immigration that included large pockets of border-crossers in every sense of the term, including individuals and families who had crossed back and forth between Islam and Christianity.

  • André Raymond 1925-2011

  • Julia Clancy-Smith
  • Journal:
    Review of Middle East Studies / Volume 45 / Issue 2 / Winter 2011
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 March 2016, pp. 295-297
    Print publication:
    Winter 2011
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