In field and greenhouse studies, tank mixing 0.3 and 0.4 kg ai/ha of the butyl ester of fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid} with 0.4 kg ai/ha of acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} reduced control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA] and itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata L.f. # ROOEX) compared to fluazifop applied alone in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Less antagonism between the two herbicides was observed in a year when conditions were optimum for large crabgrass control with fluazifop. Application of acifluorfen 1 to 3 days before application of fluazifop decreased large crabgrass control. Antagonism between fluazifop and acifluorfen was avoided when fluazifop was applied 3 to 5 days before acifluorfen. No antagonism was observed when fluazifop at 0.3 or 0.4 kg/ha was tank mixed with acifluorfen at 0.4 kg/ha for control of itchgrass. Itchgrass was more susceptible to fluazifop than large crabgrass.

William Russell (1777–1813) came from a London family of organists and organ builders. He published two sets of voluntaries: in 1804 and 1812. As well as his liturgical duties at St Anne's Limehouse, and in the Foundling Hospital Chapel, Russell worked as pianist and composer at the Sadler's Wells Theatre; the influence of opera and theatrical music can be strongly felt in some of the voluntaries. He was also particularly interested in the development of the organ itself, and had ‘progressive’ ideas regarding early nineteenth-century organ design.

Russell's music fascinatingly blends, or sometimes simply juxtaposes, several disparate musical influences. He therefore sits at an interesting point in English organ music. This article investigates Russell's own music – its forms, styles and genres – and his use of the instruments available to him. In addition, I will consider the extent to which his style was of the nineteenth century, and looked forward to future developments, of which his pioneering use of the pedals is one significant aspect.

We prove that the automorphism group of a one-sided subshift of finite type is generated by elements of finite order. For one-sided full shifts we characterize the finite subgroups of the automorphism group. For one-sided subshifts of finite type we show that there are strong restrictions on the finite subgroups of the automorphism group.

An extract of Kluyveromyces lactis 416 and a β-galactosidase preparation (Maxilact 40000) contaminated with proteinase, showed similar pH profiles of caseinolytic activity. Similar modes of casein hydrolysis (κ-, > αs-, ≥ β-) were observed at pH 5·0 (the pH of Cheddar cheese), without detection of bitterness. The contaminated Maxilact preparation contained similar proteinase types to those detected in an autolysate of K. lactis. Both the autolysate and the Maxilact preparation contained acid endopeptidase (proteinase A), serine endopeptidase (proteinase B) and serine exopeptidase (carboxypeptidase Y) activities. Some aminopeptidase activity was also detected in both preparations. There were some differences in apparent molecular weight and charge properties between proteinase A and B and carboxypeptidase Y from the 2 proteinase sources.

The 1842-1844 diplomatic mission of General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera is generally assumed to have had as its major purpose the extradition of his personal and political enemy, General José María Obando. Obando had been a rebel leader in the War of the Supremos, the New Granadan civil war of 1839-1842, and the victorious administration in Bogotá (the ministeriales) had also charged him with complicity in the 1830 assassination of Marshal Antonio José de Sucre. During the diplomatic mission a large portion of Mosquera's time and effort was indeed spent in attempting to obtain Obando's extradition and to discredit him in various ways. This study, however, will be concerned primarily with the original objectives of the mission—those relating to New Granada's role in the regional diplomacy of western South America.

Las Fuerzas Rurales de la Federación, commonly called the rurales, were a prominent institution of Porfirian Mexico and a significant instrument of the dictator's power. Contemporary travelers, journalists, and political propagandists either praised or condemned them and compared them to the Texas Rangers, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the Spanish Guardia Civil, Rosas’ Mazorca, and even to Ivan the Terrible's Oprichniki. Almost all histories of Porfirian Mexico mention the rurales and indicate their significance to Diaz’ prolonged absolute control of the country. Without specific study and serious scholarship, however, the origin, nature, and exploits of the rurales have acquired legendary characteristics. Because of their relative success in curbing brigandage on the one hand and their alleged brutality on the other, they became symbolic of both the order and the ruthlessness of Porfirian Mexico. The popular accounts of the rurales are easily divided into two categories—viz., those of Diaz’ apologists and those of his detractors. The following observation by Ethel Brilliana Tweedie is typical of the former.