Since 1998, Dow has been actively developing and applying high throughput research (HTR) methodologies to increase the speed to market and the probability of successful product introductions. Initially Dow implemented this approach in the area of homogeneous catalysis. Based upon the success in this area, high throughput methods have been expanded into other research areas such as waterborne coatings. Paint formulations offer an excellent opportunity to use the strengths of high throughput research to understand how complex interactions between many components affect final properties. High throughput tools enable the rapid and reproducible development of paints, preparation of coating on substrates, and evaluation of performance. Rapid formulation and testing allows the interactions between formulation variables to be investigated in much more depth and breadth than has been possible in the past. Finally, statistical anaylsis and data mining tools can be used to optimize a desired balance of properties within customer defined constraints. This paper presents an example of using Dow's HTR coatings workflow to improve properties for low VOC / low odor architectural coatings.

Efficient and reliable assessments of cognitive treatment effects are essential for the comparative evaluation of procognitive effects of pharmacologic therapies. Yet, no studies have addressed the sensitivity and efficiency with which neurocognitive batteries evaluate cognitive abilities before and after treatment. Participants were primarily first episode schizophrenia patients who completed baseline (n = 367) and 12-week (n = 219) assessments with the BACS (Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia) and CATIE (Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness) neuropsychological batteries in a clinical trial comparing olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that performance on both batteries was characterized by a single factor of generalized cognitive deficit for both baseline performance and cognitive change after treatment. Both batteries estimated similar levels of change following treatment, although the BACS battery required half the administration time. Because a unitary factor characterized baseline cognitive abilities in early psychosis as well as cognitive change after treatment with atypical antipsychotic medications, short batteries such as the BACS may efficiently provide sufficient assessment of procognitive treatment effects with antipsychotic medications. Assessment of cognitive effects of adjunctive therapies targeting specific cognitive domains or impairments may require more extensive testing of the domains targeted to maximize sensitivity for detecting specific predicted cognitive outcomes. (JINS, 2008, 14, 209–221.)Presented in part at the annual International Neuropsychology Society meeting in Portland, OR, February 2007; and the 2007 International Congress for Schizophrenia Research in Colorado Springs, CO.

Using a coarse grained (16 × 33 × 8) numerical simulation, a lower bound on the Lyapunov dimension, Dλ, of the attractor underlying turbulent, periodic Poiseuille flow at a pressure-gradient Reynolds number of 3200 has been calculated to be approximately 352. These results were obtained on a spatial domain with streamwise and spanwise periods of 1.6π, and correspond to a wall-unit Reynolds number of 80. Comparison of Lyapunov exponent spectra from this and a higher-resolution (16 × 33 × 16) simulation on the same domain shows these spectra to have a universal shape when properly scaled. Using these scaling properties, and a partial exponent spectrum from a still higher-resolution (32 × 33 × 32) simulation, we argue that the actual dimension of the attractor underlying motion on the given computational domain is approximately 780. The medium resolution calculation establishes this dimension as a strong lower bound on this computational domain, while the partial exponent spectrum calculated at highest resolution provides some evidence that the attractor dimension in fully resolved turbulence is unlikely to be substantially larger. These calculations suggest that this periodic turbulent shear flow is deterministic chaos, and that a strange attractor does underly solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations in such flows. However, the magnitude of the dimension measured invalidates any notion that the global dynamics of such turbulence can be attributed to the interaction of a few degrees of freedom. Dynamical systems theory has provided the first measurement of the complexity of fully developed turbulence; the answer has been found to be dauntingly high.