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6 results

  • 22 - The Material Constitution and Extractive Political Economy

  • from Part III - Analyses
  • Edited by Marco Goldoni, University of Glasgow, Michael A. Wilkinson, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook on the Material Constitution
  • Published online: 15 January 2023
  • Print publication: 05 January 2023, pp 313-324

  • Summary

    Mongolia’s recent transition to a mineral exporting economy has much to tell us about the relationship between economic change and constitutional transformation. It reveals how the legal construction of markets invite a bevy of transnational economic and legal ‘actors, norms and processes’ which interact with the national constitution. Natural resource extraction, in particular, is charged with the potential to catalyse material constitutional change within the state, by virtue of its profound socio-environmental impacts, the generation of new conflicts over resource control within the state and the exposure of national institutions to transnational investment norms within the context of volatile global commodity markets.

  • Clinical Vignettes Provide an Understanding of Antibiotic Prescribing Practices in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

  • Sameer Patel, Timothy Landers, Elaine Larson, Theoklis Zaoutis, Patricia Delamora, David A. Paul, Jennifer Wong-McLoughlin, Yu-hui Ferng, Lisa Saiman
  • Journal: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 32 / Issue 6 / June 2011
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 January 2015, pp. 597-602
  • Print publication: June 2011
  • Objective.

    To use clinical vignettes to understand antimicrobial prescribing practices in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

    Design.

    Vignette-based survey.

    Setting.

    Four tertiary care NICUs.

    Participants.

    Antibiotic prescribers in NICUs.

    Methods.

    Clinicians from 4 tertiary care NICUs completed an anonymous survey containing 12 vignettes that described empiric, targeted, or prophylactic antibiotic use. Responses were compared with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for appropriate use.

    Results.

    Overall, 161 (59% of 271 eligible respondents) completed the survey, 37% of whom had worked in NICUs for 7 or more years. Respondents were more likely to appropriately identify use of targeted therapy for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, that is, use of oxacillin rather than vancomycin, than for Escherichia coli, that is, use of first-generation rather than third-generation cephalosporin, (P < .01). Increased experience significantly predicted appropriate prescribing (P = .02 ). The proportion of respondents choosing appropriate duration of postsurgical prophylaxis (P < .01) and treatment for necrotizing enterocolitis differed by study site (P = .03).

    Conclusions.

    The survey provides insight into antibiotic prescribing practices and informs the development of future antibiotic stewardship interventions for NICUs.