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5 results

  • Justice for George Floyd and a reckoning for global mental health

  • Stevan Weine, Brandon A. Kohrt, Pamela Y. Collins, Janice Cooper, Roberto Lewis-Fernandez, Samuel Okpaku, Milton L. Wainberg
  • Journal:
    Global Mental Health / Volume 7 / 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    26 August 2020, e22
    • Article
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  • In the wake of George Floyd's killing by police in Minneapolis and the global response inspired by Black Lives Matter, it is time for the field of global mental health to reexamine how we have acknowledged and addressed racism in our institutions, our research, and our mental health services. In solidarity with street level responses, this is an important opportunity to understand and collaboratively respond to public demand for systemic change. To respond effectively, it is vital to (1) be aware of the colonial history that influences today's practices, and move forward with anti-colonial and anti-racist actions; (2) identify where and why diversity and representation are lacking in the global mental health workforce, then follow steps to combat these disparities; and (3) work with communities and institutions to end both police violence and structural violence.

  • Development of a brief, reliable and valid diet assessment tool for impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes: the UK Diabetes and Diet Questionnaire

  • Clare Y England, Janice L Thompson, Russ Jago, Ashley R Cooper, Rob C Andrews
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 20 / Issue 2 / February 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 September 2016, pp. 191-199
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  • Objective

    Dietary advice is fundamental in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Advice is improved by individual assessment but existing methods are time-consuming and require expertise. We developed a twenty-five-item questionnaire, the UK Diabetes and Diet Questionnaire (UKDDQ), for quick assessment of an individual’s diet. The present study examined the UKDDQ’s repeatability and relative validity compared with 4 d food diaries.

    Design

    The UKDDQ was completed twice with a median 3 d gap (interquartile range=1–7 d) between tests. A 4 d food diary was completed after the second UKDDQ. Diaries were analysed and food groups were mapped on to the UKDDQ. Absolute agreement between total scores was examined using intra-class correlation (ICC). Agreement for individual items was tested with Cohen’s weighted kappa (κw).

    Setting

    South West of England.

    Subjects

    Adults (n 177, 50·3 % women) with, or at high risk for, T2DM; mean age 55·8 (sd 8·6) years, mean BMI 34·4 (sd 7·3) kg/m2; participants were 91 % White British.

    Results

    The UKDDQ showed excellent repeatability (ICC=0·90 (0·82, 0·94)). For individual items, κw ranged from 0·43 (‘savoury pastries’) to 0·87 (‘vegetables’). Total scores from the UKDDQ and food diaries compared well (ICC=0·54 (0·27, 0·70)). Agreement for individual items varied and was good for ‘alcohol’ (κw=0·71) and ‘breakfast cereals’ (κw=0·70), with no agreement for ‘vegetables’ (κw=0·08) or ‘savoury pastries’ (κw=0·09).

    Conclusions

    The UKDDQ is a new British dietary questionnaire with excellent repeatability. Comparisons with food diaries found agreements similar to those for international dietary questionnaires currently in use. It targets foods and habits important in diabetes prevention and management.

  • Chapter 31 - Child mental health services in Liberia: human resources implications

  • from Section 6 - Human resources and capacity building
  • Edited by Samuel O. Okpaku
  • Book:
    Essentials of Global Mental Health
    Published online:
    05 March 2014
    Print publication:
    27 February 2014, pp 297-306

  • Summary

    Today's youth face unprecedented global challenges to their well-being and cognitive development. Many live in poverty without access to proper nutrition, health care, or education. This chapter describes challenges associated with the assessment of children's mental health and functioning, and identifies risk and protective factors, best practices for prevention, and promising interventions that can be utilized in resource-poor settings. The development of mental health disorders in youth is multifactorial; risk and protective factors for mental health cross biological, psychological, and social domains. Substantive research and resources have been dedicated to understanding and ameliorating mental health service provision among children and adolescents in high-income countries, and thus effective evidence-based treatments for most mental health disorders exist. The tenets of the interventions framework of SAFE (Safety and security, Access to health care, Family and others support, and Education) have useful application to all children facing adverse and difficult life situations.