The crystal structure of a natural, ordered IIb-4 triclinic clinochlore has been refined in space group C1̄ from 4282 unique X-ray intensity measurements of which 3833 are greater than 3 times the statistical counting error (3σ). Unit cell parameters are a = 5.3262(6) Å; b = 9.226(1) Å; c = 14.334(3) Å; α = 90.56(2)°; β = 97.47(2)°; and γ = 89.979(9)°, which represents the greatest deviation from mono-clinic symmetry yet recorded for a triclinic chlorite. The final weighted R is 0.059 for reflections with I > 3σ and 0.064 for all reflections. The chemical formula is (Mg0.966Fe0.034)MI(Mg0.962Fe0.038)M22(Si2.96Al1.04)O10 (OH)2(Mg0.996Fe0.004)M32(Al0.841FeIII0.102Cr0.004Ti0.004)M4(OH)6, which is consistent with electron microprobe (EMP), wet chemical analyses, Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray structure refinement. The high degree of ordering of the divalent versus trivalent octahedral cations in the interlayer is noteworthy, with FeIII and Al in M4 and virtually no Fe in M3. In the 2:1 layer, M1 and M2 each contain similar amounts of Fe. The 2 tetrahedral sites have nearly identical mean oxygen distances and volumes, and thus show no evidence of long-range cation ordering.

The state of Maryland identified its first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on March 5, 2020. The Baltimore Convention Center (BCCFH) quickly became a selected location to set up a 250-bed inpatient field hospital and alternate care site. In contrast to other field hospitals throughout the United States, the BCCFH remained open throughout the pandemic and took on additional COVID-19 missions, including community severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnostic testing, monoclonal antibody infusions for COVID-19 outpatients, and community COVID-19 vaccinations.

To prevent the spread of pathogens during operations, infection prevention and control guidelines were essential to ensure the safety of staff and patients. Through multi-agency collaboration, use of infection prevention best practices, and answering what we describe as PPE-ESP, an operational framework was established to reduce infection risks for those providing or receiving care at the BCCFH during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Employers of business graduates require them to be effective communicators and team members in twenty-first century work environments. As a means of developing these skills, we believe group work is important to an undergraduate business teaching pedagogy preparing graduates for the challenges of modern workplaces. Student responses to a series of qualitative and quantitative focus group activities highlighted the ‘big issues’ encountered in group activities involving an increasingly internationalised and diverse cohort of students. These issues related mainly to communication within the group and the fear of social-loafers. These insights established the basis on which proactive strategies were introduced in a subsequent teaching period to nurture and advance the quality of the learning experience within a tertiary undergraduate business education setting. Given that reduced Government funding to Australian universities has prompted the management of institutions to look to full-fee paying international students to offset shortfalls in their operating budgets, this paper explores the particular impact of increasing numbers of English as a Second Language (ESL) students on the quality of, and student receptiveness to, group based study activities.

Current prescriptions for welfare reform and increased reliance on the voluntary sector often base their appeal on the lessons of history, in particular the apparent successes of Victorian philanthropy in combating ‘pauperism’. This article looks at how this message has become influential in the USA and the UK among the ruling parties of right and left through the particular prism of the neo-conservative appreciation of the work of Thomas Chalmers, the early nineteenth-century Scottish churchman and authority on poverty. The attraction of Chalmers, both to the Charity Organization Society then and neo-conservatives today, lies in the practical application of his idea of the ‘godly commonwealth’ in Glasgow and Edinburgh where voluntary effort, organized through the church, replaced the statutory obligations of the poor law. While Chalmers, and his followers, declared his ‘experiments’ to be great successes, modern Scottish historians have revealed these claims to be false and his efforts failures. Only by completely ignoring the evidence presented by this historiography and continuing to rely on Chalmers's own writings and earlier hagiographies can the neo-conservative approbation of Chalmers be sustained. Such wilful neglect raises questions both about their approach to history and their proposed remedies for tackling poverty today.

This article examines the role played by local councillors in constructing new housing in Scotland during the inter-war period. Rather than view local authorities as simply the objective agency of central government's ambitions to construct council houses, we argue that the self-interest and motivations of councillors have to be recognized as significant factors in this process. It is argued also that the concerns of private landlords were neither ignored nor sacrificed in the rush to build new housing. Rather, given that councils remained dominated by local business men, many of whom were private landlords, councillors acted in ways to protect their own material and class interests. In so doing, they consciously, if implicitly, shaped the social geography of twentieth-century Scotland.

A series of editorials in this Journal have argued that psychiatry is in the midst of a crisis. The various solutions proposed would all involve a strengthening of psychiatry's identity as essentially ‘applied neuroscience’. Although not discounting the importance of the brain sciences and psychopharmacology, we argue that psychiatry needs to move beyond the dominance of the current, technological paradigm. This would be more in keeping with the evidence about how positive outcomes are achieved and could also serve to foster more meaningful collaboration with the growing service user movement.

Malignant mesothelioma is a rare, highly aggressive cancer arising from mesothelial cells that line the pleural cavities. Approximately 80% of mesothelioma cases can be directly attributed to asbestos exposure. Additional suspected causes or co-carcinogens include other mineral fibres, simian virus 40 (SV40) and radiation. A mesothelioma epidemic in Turkey has demonstrated a probable genetic predisposition to mineral fibre carcinogenesis and studies of human tissues and animal models of mesothelioma have demonstrated genetic and epigenetic events that contribute to the multistep process of mineral fibre carcinogenesis. Several growth factors and their receptors have a significant role in the oncogenesis, progression and resistance to therapy of mesothelioma. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) have been shown as targets for therapy based on promising preclinical data. However, clinical trials of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in mesothelioma have been disappointing. Bcl-XL is an important antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family and is overexpressed in several solid tumours, including mesothelioma. Reduction of Bcl-XL expression in mesothelioma induces apoptosis and engenders sensitisation to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Pharmacological inhibitors of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members continue to undergo refinement and have shown promise in mesothelioma.

We present a general construction of Salem numbers via rational functions whose zeros and poles mostly lie on the unit circle and satisfy an interlacing condition. This extends and unifies earlier work. We then consider the “obvious” limit points of the set of Salem numbers produced by our theorems and show that these are all Pisot numbers, in support of a conjecture of Boyd. We then show that all Pisot numbers arise in this way. Combining this with a theorem of Boyd, we produce all Salem numbers via an interlacing construction.