Post-operative oral feeding difficulties in neonates and infants with CHD is common. While pre-operative oral feeding may be normal, oral feeding challenges manifest in the post-operative period without a clearly defined aetiology. The objective of this scoping review was to examine post-operative oral feeding in full-term neonates and infants with a CHD. Electronic databases query (1 January 1975–31 May 2021), hand-search of the reference lists of included studies, contact with experts, and review of relevant conferences were performed to identify quantitative studies evaluating post-operative oral feeding in full-term neonates and infants with a CHD. Associations with additional quantitative variables in these studies were also examined. Twenty-five studies met inclusion criteria. Eighty per cent were cohort studies that utilised retrospective chart review from a single institution. The primary variable of interest in all studies was oral feeding status upon discharge from neonatal hospitalisation. The most common risk factors evaluated with poor feeding at time of discharge were birth weight (36% of included studies), gestational age (44%), duration of post-operative intubation (48%), cardiac diagnosis (40%), and presence of genetic syndrome or chromosomal anomaly (36%). The most common health-related outcomes evaluated were length of hospital stay (40%) and length of ICU stay (16%). Only the health-related outcomes of length of hospital stay and length of ICU stay were consistently significantly associated with poor post-operative oral feeding across studies in this review. A clear aetiology of poor post-operative oral feeding remains unknown.

In this paper we study continuous-time two-player zero-sum optimal switching games on a finite horizon. Using the theory of doubly reflected backward stochastic differential equations with interconnected barriers, we show that this game has a value and an equilibrium in the players’ switching controls.

Notoedric mange, caused by obligately parasitic sarcoptiform Notoedres mites, is associated with potentially fatal dermatitis with secondary systemic disease in small mammals, felids and procyonids among others, as well as an occasional zoonosis. We describe clinical spectra in non-chiropteran hosts, review risk factors and summarize ecological and epidemiological studies. The genus is disproportionately represented on rodents. Disease in felids and procyonids ranges from very mild to death. Knowledge of the geographical distribution of the mites is highly inadequate, with focal hot spots known for Notoedres cati in domestic cats and bobcats. Predisposing genetic and immunological factors are not known, except that co-infection with other parasites and anticoagulant rodenticide toxicoses may contribute to severe disease. Treatment of individual animals is typically successful with macrocytic lactones such as selamectin, but herd or wildlife population treatment has not been undertaken. Transmission requires close contact and typically is within a host species. Notoedric mange can kill half all individuals in a population and regulate host population below non-diseased density for decades, consistent with frequency-dependent transmission or spillover from other hosts. Epidemics are increasingly identified in various hosts, suggesting global change in suitable environmental conditions or increased reporting bias.

The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to calculate the lift for a class of thin aerofoils with highincidence flaps or blunt trailing edges. The analysis is based on smallness of the ratio between the flap length (or trailingedge thickness) and the chord of the main foil. Results are compared with exact solutions for bent plates and for triangular and quadrilateral bodies. A procedure for extension to general trailing-edge configurations, including detached flaps, is outlined.

Impending malignant spinal cord compression (IMSCC) may be defined as compression of the thecal sac, without any visible pressure on the spinal cord itself. Although there is a perception that IMSCC patients have a better prognosis and less severe clinical symptoms than true malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) patients, these factors have never been documented in the literature.

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.

We describe the existence of the savant syndrome in association with Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome (GTS). The presentation of savant abilities is typical of that previously described. Similarities between autism, the disorder most characteristically associated with savants, and GTS in terms of obsessionality are noted. Previously reported psychological studies of autistic savants are briefly reviewed and, together with evidence from neuroimaging in GTS, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and autism, used to support a model of the underpinnings of savant skills.

In this paper we examine the movement of hard contact lenses on the eye. In so doing, we take into account hydrodynamic forces underneath the lens, as well as surface tension forces at the lens periphery. This involves solving for the free surface of the tear film away from the lens in order to determine the magnitudes of the pressure and surface tension forces on the lens. The analysis, which assumes quasi-steady motion, is carried out in both two and three dimensions.

A study of Conger conger diet was carried out with 213 specimens from Irish inshore waters (0–200 m) collected from winter 1998 to spring 1999 and 96 from offshore waters (200–600 m) from spring to summer 2000. The primary diet in both areas was fish, with a complete species shift in diet between areas. The dominant species inshore were Merlangius merlangus and offshore Micromesistius poutassou. Decapod crustaceans and cephalopods were observed in stomachs, but contributed little to the overall diet.

In this paper we investigate the stability of a bilayer exposed to air flow. The bilayer consists of a viscoelastic solid layer (mucus), which rests on a viscous fluid film (serous fluid). The motivation behind this work is to examine the coupled, fluid/elastic instabilities related to mucus clearance in the lung where breathing and cough apply shear forces from the air flow onto the bilayer. Previous research on mucus transport due to air flow has not addressed the effects of the underlying serous layer nor those of surface tension at the mucus–air interface, two new features incorporated into the model. Surface tension effects are governed by the new parameter κ′ = (σ/dG′) where σ is the air–mucus surface tension, G′ is the elastic shear modulus of the mucus, and d is a characteristic thickness of the bilayer. The model predictions for the onset of unstable waves as a function of the parameters are compared to previous theories and experiments to provide physical interpretations and to compare results. The comparison with experiments show good qualitative and quantitative agreement. The results are compared, also, to flow over a single, viscoelastic layer, with no viscous fluid underneath, to demonstrate the appearance of new wave behaviour when the viscous fluid is added.

Background. Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) is a familial neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by tics and obsessive–compulsive behaviours (OCB). Previous HMPAO SPET studies of subjects with GTS have shown hypoperfusion of striatal and frontal areas. Studies of patients with primary obsessive–compulsive disorder have shown, in contrast, hyperperfusion of similar areas.

Methods. Twenty subjects from five families affected by GTS, including individuals with OCB but no tics, were examined using HMPAO SPET.

Results. There were abnormalities of regional cerebral perfusion in individuals with GTS, OCB and tics. Hypoperfusion was in striatal, frontal and temporal areas. There was no hyperperfusion.

Conclusions. Regional cerebral blood flow patterns in individuals with OCB in families affected by GTS are comparable to their relatives with GTS and differ from individuals with primary OCD in the absence of a family history of tic disorders.

The scope of molecular dynamics problems designed to simulate materials properties is described, focussing on the limits computation imposes on space and time scales, as well as the limits theoretical understanding imposes on our knowledge of interatomic forces. Five strategies for improving the efficiency of the simulations are described. Shock-induced solid-solid phase transformations are discussed to illustrate these ideas.

Thirty-one percussion-shaped tools from the San Dieguito complex of the southern California middens have been examined. On 30 of these tools facets apparently corresponding to several regions of the thumb and the first two fingers of the right hand have been identified, as well as clearance and rake angles at the cutting edges corresponding closely to those on modern cutting tools. One of the tools seems to have been intended for left-handed usage. The evidence indicates that these tools were shaped with great precision to fit the hand and to have efficient cutting edges. Statistics on the length of the facets and the mass and height of the tools, as well as on the angles of the working edges, are given.