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3 results

  • Assessment of population susceptibility to upcoming seasonal influenza epidemic strain using interepidemic emerging influenza virus strains

  • Lin-Lei Chen, Wai-Lan Wu, Wan-Mui Chan, Carol H. Y. Fong, Anthony C. K. Ng, Jonathan D. Ip, Lu Lu, Thrimendra K. Dissanayake, Xixia Ding, Jian-Piao Cai, Anna J. X. Zhang, Sidney Tam, Ivan F. N. Hung, Kwok-Hung Chan, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Kelvin K. W. To
  • Journal:
    Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 147 / 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    26 September 2019, e279
    • Article
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  • Seasonal influenza virus epidemics have a major impact on healthcare systems. Data on population susceptibility to emerging influenza virus strains during the interepidemic period can guide planning for resource allocation of an upcoming influenza season. This study sought to assess the population susceptibility to representative emerging influenza virus strains collected during the interepidemic period. The microneutralisation antibody titers (MN titers) of a human serum panel against representative emerging influenza strains collected during the interepidemic period before the 2018/2019 winter influenza season (H1N1-inter and H3N2-inter) were compared with those against influenza strains representative of previous epidemics (H1N1-pre and H3N2-pre). A multifaceted approach, incorporating both genetic and antigenic data, was used in selecting these representative influenza virus strains for the MN assay. A significantly higher proportion of individuals had a ⩾four-fold reduction in MN titers between H1N1-inter and H1N1-pre than that between H3N2-inter and H3N2-pre (28.5% (127/445) vs. 4.9% (22/445), P < 0.001). The geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1-inter was significantly lower than that of H1N1-pre (381 (95% CI 339–428) vs. 713 (95% CI 641–792), P < 0.001), while there was no significant difference in the GMT between H3N2-inter and H3N2-pre. Since A(H1N1) predominated the 2018–2019 winter influenza epidemic, our results corroborated the epidemic subtype.

  • A Novel Risk Factor Associated With Colonization by Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae: Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Addition to Antimicrobial Treatment

  • Vincent C. C. Cheng, Jonathan H. K. Chen, Simon Y. C. So, Sally C. Y. Wong, Pui-Hing Chau, Lisa M. W. Wong, Radley H. C. Ching, Modissa M. L. Ng, Wan-Mui Lee, Ivan F. N. Hung, Pak-Leung Ho, Kwok-Yung Yuen
  • Journal:
    Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 37 / Issue 12 / December 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 September 2016, pp. 1418-1425
    Print publication:
    December 2016
  • OBJECTIVE

    To study the association between gastrointestinal colonization of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

    METHODS

    We analyzed 31,526 patients with prospective collection of fecal specimens for CPE screening: upon admission (targeted screening) and during hospitalization (opportunistic screening, safety net screening, and extensive contact tracing), in our healthcare network with 3,200 beds from July 1, 2011, through December 31, 2015. Specimens were collected at least once weekly during hospitalization for CPE carriers and subjected to broth enrichment culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

    RESULTS

    Of 66,672 fecal specimens collected, 345 specimens (0.5%) from 100 patients (0.3%) had CPE. The number and prevalence (per 100,000 patient-days) of CPE increased from 2 (0.3) in 2012 to 63 (8.0) in 2015 (P<.001). Male sex (odds ratio, 1.91 [95% CI, 1.15–3.18], P=.013), presence of wound or drain (3.12 [1.70–5.71], P<.001), and use of cephalosporins (3.06 [1.42–6.59], P=.004), carbapenems (2.21 [1.10–4.48], P=.027), and PPIs (2.84 [1.72–4.71], P<.001) in the preceding 6 months were significant risk factors by multivariable analysis. Of 79 patients with serial fecal specimens, spontaneous clearance of CPE was noted in 57 (72.2%), with a median (range) of 30 (3–411) days. Comparing patients without use of antibiotics and PPIs, consumption of both antibiotics and PPIs after CPE identification was associated with later clearance of CPE (hazard ratio, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.17–0.73], P=.005).

    CONCLUSIONS

    Concomitant use of antibiotics and PPIs prolonged duration of gastrointestinal colonization by CPE.

    Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1418–1425

  • Polyimide Planarization With Polystyrene By Rie Etch-Back

  • Hung Y. Ng, T. Lii, M. Jaso
  • Journal:
    MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 227 / 1991
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 February 2011, 265
    Print publication:
    1991

  • This paper reports the results of a planarization process of polyimide which has been utilized as a passivation material in multilevel interconnection. The degree of planarization with spin-coated polyimide over metal topography is only 10–20% due to crosslinking and shrinking of the polymer during the curing process. Polystyrene used as sacrificial planarizing film can achieve <95% planarity over 100μm metal pad with 1μm height. A conformal polystyrene film can be spin-coated onto the polyimide surface without adhesion promoter. The topography of polyimide over the metal pattern can be planarized with thermal reflow of the polystyrene by baking the film below 250°C. The planarity of this sacrificial film, polystyrene, can be transferred to polyimide by etch-back without degrading the polyimide surface properties which has been examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.