To investigate the relationship between the thermal conductivity and the cooling rate, we have performed molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations based on a combination of the Langevin and Newton equations to deal with a heat transfer from l-Si to c-Si. The thermal conductivity of c-Si was measured by the direct method. In order to deal with finite-size effects, different cell sizes perpendicular to the direction of the heat current were used. The values of the thermal conductivity of 58 W/mK and 35.7 W/mK in the Tersoff potential were obtained at 1000 K and 1500 K, respectively. A MD cell with a length of 488.75 ¡Ê in the direction of a heat flow was used for estimating the natural cooling rate. The initial c/l interface systems were obtained by setting the temperatures of the MD cell at 1000 K and 1500 K, respectively, for Z <= 35 ¡Ê and 3800 K for Z > 35 ¡Ê. During the natural cooling processes, the temperature of the bottom 10 ¡Ê of the MD cell was controlled. The cooling rates of 7.4 × 1011 K/sec for 1000 K and 5.9 × 1011 K/sec for 1500 K were obtained, respectively.

We report on the effects of modifying the gate dielectrics by spin coating of HMDS, PVP and PVA which cause different surface energy and surface roughness owing to the different functional groups. In changing the surface state with applying various surface treatments, I-V and C-V measurements of the OTFTs were performed. The PVP-coated OTFTs, which has smoother and lesser amount of OH-groups on the gate dielectric surface, showed enhanced pentacene growth and nearly free hysteresis behavior than that of the HMDS and PVA-coated OTFTs.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of atomistic processes of nucleation and crystal growth of silicon (Si) on SiO2 substrate have been performed using the Tersoff potential based on a combination of Langevin and Newton equations. A new set of potential parameters was used to calculate the interatomic forces of Si and oxygen (O) atoms. It was found that the (111) plane of the Si nuclei formed at the surface was predominantly parallel to the surface of MD cell. The values surface energy for (100), (110), and (111) planes of Si at 77 K were calculated to be 2.27, 1.52, and 1.20 J/m2, respectively. This result suggests that, the nucleation leads to a preferred (111) orientation in the poly-Si thin film at the surface, driven by the lower surface energy.

Ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) was used for cathode preparation in organic light-emitting diodes to fabricate dense electrode. Dark spot growth rate was decreased by employing the IBAD process due to a highly packed aluminum structure inhibiting the permeation of H2O and O2. However, undesirable leakage current was generated because energetic particles of Al assisted by Ar+ ion may damage the organic material resulting in reduction of contact resistance. The decrease of contact resistance in the IBAD device may be caused by large contact area, increase of density of states, and Li diffusion to phenyl-substituted poly-p-phenylene vinylene.

Tin oxide films were deposited on amorphous SiO2/Si and Si (100) substrates by ion-assisted deposition (IAD) at various ion beam potentials (VI) at room temperature and a working pressure of 8 × 10−5 torr. The structural and chemical properties of the as-grown tin oxide films were investigated to determine the effects of the oxygen ion/atom arrival ratio (Ri). X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the as-grown films with different average energy per atom (Eave) showed different growth directions. The as-grown films with oxygen/Sn ratio (NO/NSn) of 2.03 and 2.02 had preferred orientation of (101) and (002), respectively. In addition, the as-grown film with low Ri was amorphous. Comparison of the observed d spacings with those for standard SnO2 samples, indicated that the crystalline as-grown films had compressive and tensile stress depending on Eave. In transmission electron microscopy analysis, a buffer layer of amorphous tin oxide was observed at the interface between the substrate and the film, and the crystalline grains were grown on this buffer layer. The crystalline grains were arranged in large spherical clusters, and this shape directly affected surface roughness. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy spectra showed that the tin oxide thin films were inhomogeneous. The density of films decreased and the porosity and oxygen trapped in the films increased with increasing Ri. The densest film had about 6% porosity.

We have investigated surface treatment effect on the interfacial reaction of Pd/p-GaN interface and also room temperature ohmic contact formation mechanism of Pd-based ohmic contact. In order to examine room temperature ohmic behavior, various metal contact systems were deposited and current-voltage measurements were carried out. In spite of large theoretical Schottky barrier height between Pd and p-GaN, Pd-based contact showed perfect ohmic characteristic even before annealing. According to the results of synchrotron X-ray radiation, the closed-packed atomic planes (111) of the Pd film were quite well ordered in surface normal direction as well as in the in-plane direction. The effective Schottky barrier height of Au/Pd/Mg/Pd/p-GaN was 0.47eV, which was estimated by Norde method. This discrepancy between theoretical barrier height and the measured one might be due to the epitaxial growth of Pd contact metal and so the room-temperature ohmic characteristic of Pd-based ohmic contact was related strongly to the in-plane epitaxial quality of metal on p-GaN.

We investigated the electrical properties and interfacial reactions of the Si/Ti based ohmic contacts to n-GaN grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition and the electrical properties were related to the material reactions. The perfect ohmic characteristics were obtained after annealing at 700 °C for 3 min under N2 ambient, and Ti silicide was formed in Ti-Si based contact systems. The lowest value for the specific contact resistance of 3.86×10-6 Ωcm2 was obtained for Au(1000 Å)/Ni(400 Å)/Ti(400 Å)/Si(1460 Å)/Ti(150 Å) after annealing at 900 °C for 3min. It could be concluded from the material analyses that the ohmic characteristics of Ti-Si based contact systems were due to the low barrier height by the formation of Ti silicides with a low work function

To improve silicon field emitters, diamond and carbon nitride coatings were applied by hot filament CVD and helical resonator CVD, respectively. Helical resonator CVD was first proposed as a new method to grow carbon nitride on silicon tips without damage. Diamond and carbon nitride coatings lowered turn-on voltage and increased emission current. Microstructural and electronic investigations of carbon nitride film were performed. The negative electron affinity of carbon nitride is suggested for enhancing emission current.