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3 results

  • Chapter 7 - Management of Amniotic Fluid Embolism

  • from Section 2 - Algorithms for Management of the Top Five ‘Direct Killers’
  • Edited by Edwin Chandraharan, Sir Sabaratnam Arulkumaran
  • Book: Obstetric and Intrapartum Emergencies
  • Published online: 06 May 2021
  • Print publication: 03 June 2021, pp 47-50

  • Summary

    Amniotic fluid embolus is the eighth most common cause of all maternal deaths, down one place from the previous edition of this book [2, 5]. At 0.35 per 100 000 maternities (95% CI 0.15–1.39) it has declined from the fourth to the fifth leading cause of direct maternal deaths in the United Kingdom. Maternal case fatality rates are between 11% and 32% in the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States [9, 4, ref surveillance]. There is a fall in case mortality rates which is probably due to high-level supportive care and diagnosis of milder cases [6].

    Women who died or who had permanent neurological injury were more likely to present with cardiac arrest (83% vs. 33%, P < 0.001), be from ethnic-minority groups (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.85; 95% CI 1.02–8.00), to have had a hysterectomy (OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.02–6.06) and were less likely to receive cryoprecipitate (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.11–0.80) [1].

  • 7 - Amniotic fluidembolus

  • from Section 2 - Algorithms for Management of the Top Five ‘Direct Killers’
  • Edited by Edwin Chandraharan, Sabaratnam Arulkumaran
  • Book: Obstetric and Intrapartum Emergencies
  • Published online: 05 November 2012
  • Print publication: 11 October 2012, pp 48-51

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the maternal and fetal implications, diagnostic signs, and management strategies for amniotic fluid embolus (AFE). Pulmonary oedema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), pulmonary embolus, haemorrhage, right then let cardiac failure, cerebrovascular events, cardiorespiratory arrest, death are maternal implications of AFE. The first-line management involves resuscitation strategies. The main aim of early delivery is to facilitate and improve outcome of maternal resuscitation. The second-line management includes diagnosis and supportive care. The purpose of ICU is to monitor observations, maintain haemodynamic instability and reduce iatrogenic and disease complications. Options of treatment include diuretics, inotropes and steroids. Plasma exchange, haemofiltration and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have been used in treatment. Regular fire drills involving maternal collapse on the labour ward can ensure that a robust system is in place for the acute management of AFE.