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46 results

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  • Borgring: the discovery of a Viking Age ring fortress—ERRATUM

  • Helen Goodchild, Nanna Holm, Søren M. Sindbæk
  • Journal:
    Antiquity / Volume 95 / Issue 384 / December 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 September 2021, p. 1629
    Print publication:
    December 2021
    • Article
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  • Multilingualism and Technology: A Review of Developments in Digital Communication from Monolingualism to Idiolingualism

  • Helen Kelly-Holmes
  • Journal:
    Annual Review of Applied Linguistics / Volume 39 / March 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 July 2019, pp. 24-39

  • The focus in this article is on the evolution of language and technology in relation to multilingualism, in particular on how multilingual provision has developed in tandem with the development of the internet and the World Wide Web (WWW). In trying to understand how multilingualism has evolved, it is also necessary to understand how the technical aspects of digital technology as well as the politico-economic dimensions to that technology have changed. Four distinct periods emerge in the development: monolingualism, multilingualism, hyperlingualism, and idiolingualism. Monolingualism covers the origins of the internet and later the WWW as monolingual spaces. This was followed by a long period that charts the slow but gradual development of increased language provision and what I am terming “partial multilingualism.” Multilingualism expanded substantially, potentially limitlessly, with the development of Web 2.0. This has involved the diversification of online spaces to the point of “hyperlingualism.” I argue that we are still in this hyperlingual phase, but alongside it, a new phase is developing, that of “idiolingualism” as a result of mass linguistic customization. In this article, I discuss these phases, paying attention to both their technical and economic contexts, as well as their implications for linguistic diversity online and in wider society.

  • Borgring: the discovery of a Viking Age ring fortress

  • Part of
  • Helen Goodchild, Nanna Holm, Søren M. Sindbæk
  • Journal:
    Antiquity / Volume 91 / Issue 358 / August 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 August 2017, pp. 1027-1042
    Print publication:
    August 2017
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  • A massive tenth-century AD ring fortress was recently identified at Borgring, south of Copenhagen in Denmark. The combination of high-resolution LiDAR mapping, geophysical survey and targeted small-scale excavation has demonstrated that the site belongs to a rare class of monuments—the Trelleborg-type ring fortress. Borgring is the first such monument to be found in Denmark in over six decades, and provides an opportunity to investigate a type-site of Viking Age military organisation and conflict. The authors argue that Borgring complements a varied group of fortification structures in late Viking Age Denmark, part of a military network close to contemporaneous European ideas of military kingship and defence.

  • 7 - Theorising the market in sociolinguistics

  • from Part II - Language, markets and materiality
  • Edited by Nikolas Coupland, University of Wales College of Cardiff
  • Book:
    Sociolinguistics
    Published online:
    05 June 2016
    Print publication:
    20 June 2016, pp 157-172

  • Summary

    More than forty years since it first appeared, it is interesting to speculate about how Labov's (1972) department store study would be reviewed, received, and perhaps framed in a sociolinguistics journal today. Reading his paper from a contemporary perspective, the three department stores used in the study come across as sites primarily selected for finding and observing socially distinguishable groups interacting in three differently stratified shops. This is, I would argue, in contrast to the current approach which might place the commodification of accent at the heart of the analysis. In this chapter, I would like to explore what has happened in the intervening forty-plus year period, both in sociolinguistics and in society, to transform the market from one of a number of domains of everyday interaction to an overriding concern in contemporary sociolinguistic studies.

    The chapter starts with a brief overview of the treatment of the market in early sociolinguistic research, using Labov's study as an illustration to show how markets were treated in much the same way as other domains where sociolinguistic data could be gathered. I then go on to argue that two main developments challenged this treatment of market domains. The first was Bourdieu's (1991) conceptualisation of the linguistic market, in which he advocated on the one hand a recognition of the economic foundations of all linguistic exchanges, whilst on the other arguing for the treatment of economic exchanges as just another type of exchange. The second was the development of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), particularly the British School, led by Norman Fairclough (e.g.1995; 2001), a key objective of which was the unmasking of the pervasiveness of market discourses across society. This period in sociolinguistics can be seen as one in which the domain of the market was put under a critical spotlight, largely in response to increasing marketisation of society and neoliberalism in the global political economy.

    Having reviewed these two developments, the chapter moves on to the current period, in which the market is no longer restricted to a particular domain, but potentially impacts on all aspects of language in society.

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