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21 results

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  • Shocks to the System: Electoral Manipulation, Protests and the Evolution of Political Trust in Russia

  • Hannah S. Chapman
  • Journal:
    Government and Opposition , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 October 2024, pp. 1-21
    • Article
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  • How do electoral manipulation and resulting anti-fraud protests influence political trust in non-democratic contexts? I leverage the plausibly exogenous variation in the timing of a series of original surveys fielded on nationally representative samples in Russia to understand the impact of political shocks – particularly allegations of electoral fraud and post-election protests – on the evolution of trust in political institutions and individuals. This study demonstrates that allegations of excessive, blatant electoral fraud decrease trust in the autocrat. However, trust rebounds following attendant post-election protests. Finally, I examine the conditional impacts of fraud and protest on trust, finding that updating occurs primarily among those with weak political affiliation.

  • 8 - Conclusion

  • Hannah S. Chapman, University of Oklahoma
  • Book:
    Dialogue with the Dictator
    Published online:
    15 February 2024
    Print publication:
    22 February 2024, pp 185-206

  • Summary

    Chapter 8 reviews the primary benefits, costs, and limitations of participatory technologies for nondemocracies. It then addresses how participatory technologies may contribute to democratic erosion and explores the broader implications of this study for the understanding of authoritarian regimes.

  • 4 - The Direct Line with Vladimir Putin

  • Hannah S. Chapman, University of Oklahoma
  • Book:
    Dialogue with the Dictator
    Published online:
    15 February 2024
    Print publication:
    22 February 2024, pp 80-108

  • Summary

    Chapter 4 introduces the main empirical case of the book, The Direct Line with Vladimir Putin, and documents its progression from 2001 to 2022, a key period of autocratization in Russia. This chapter details how participatory technologies can be positioned as a credible form of voice and the strategies used to increase the Direct Line’s credibility while still maintaining control.

  • 3 - Varieties of Participatory Technologies in Nondemocracies

  • Hannah S. Chapman, University of Oklahoma
  • Book:
    Dialogue with the Dictator
    Published online:
    15 February 2024
    Print publication:
    22 February 2024, pp 52-79

  • Summary

    Chapter 3 develops a typology of varieties of participatory technologies. It argues that participatory technologies vary along three key dimensions: informational output, individualization, and personalization, and that this variation influences the relative benefits and costs for authorities. The chapter then identifies and details three main types of participatory technologies – appeals systems, public consultations, and call-in shows – illustrating each of these ideal types through cases in Russia and around the world.

  • 7 - Who Buys In?

  • Hannah S. Chapman, University of Oklahoma
  • Book:
    Dialogue with the Dictator
    Published online:
    15 February 2024
    Print publication:
    22 February 2024, pp 164-184

  • Summary

    Chapter 7 assesses how specific individual characteristics, particularly political awareness and beliefs, condition the impact of participatory technologies on attitudes toward authorities and individuals’ own perceptions of voice in politics. It argues that awareness of participatory technologies influences attitudes primarily among those with low levels of political sophistication and pro-regime beliefs. The chapter also demonstrates that participatory technologies can negatively impact attitudes toward authorities for regime critics, ultimately contributing to political backlash and polarization.

  • 6 - Manufacturing Consent

  • Hannah S. Chapman, University of Oklahoma
  • Book:
    Dialogue with the Dictator
    Published online:
    15 February 2024
    Print publication:
    22 February 2024, pp 140-163

  • Summary

    Chapter 6 empirically tests whether and how participatory technologies influence political attitudes. Using two original survey experiments and qualitative data from interviews and focus groups, this chapter examines the impact of awareness of the Direct Line on approval of President Putin and perceptions of voice. The results indicate that participatory technologies have a positive impact on attitudes toward authorities. It also argues that, while government responsiveness to citizen demands does improve attitudes toward autocrats, the mere presence of participation opportunities bolsters support regardless of authorities’ response to these demands.

  • 5 - Information Management, Performative Governance, and Image Making in the Direct Line

  • Hannah S. Chapman, University of Oklahoma
  • Book:
    Dialogue with the Dictator
    Published online:
    15 February 2024
    Print publication:
    22 February 2024, pp 109-139

  • Summary

    Chapter 5 traces the relationship between participatory technologies and information management in Russia. It argues that the Direct Line acts as a barometer of public opinion, a forum through which authorities can disseminate information to the public, and a tool to monitor and selectively punish officials. Moreover, this chapter explains how participatory technologies help authorities create the impression of effective governance and act as a means of public image making.

  • 1 - Introduction

  • Hannah S. Chapman, University of Oklahoma
  • Book:
    Dialogue with the Dictator
    Published online:
    15 February 2024
    Print publication:
    22 February 2024, pp 1-22

  • Summary

    Authoritarian regimes go to great lengths to dominate spaces for political engagement to control the political narrative and manufacture consent. How do autocrats balance the need for support and information on one hand and control on the other? Chapter 1 introduces two key problems of authoritarian rule – information management and legitimation – and explains how these regimes structure interaction between authorities and the public to overcome these problems.

  • 2 - A Theory of Participatory Technologies

  • Hannah S. Chapman, University of Oklahoma
  • Book:
    Dialogue with the Dictator
    Published online:
    15 February 2024
    Print publication:
    22 February 2024, pp 23-51

  • Summary

    Chapter 2 builds a comprehensive framework explaining how nondemocracies use participatory technologies to shore up their regimes. The chapter argues that participatory technologies act as a means of information gathering and dissemination and mitigate principal–agent problems. Moreover, the chapter details how participatory technologies can strengthen legitimacy – and who is most likely to buy into them.

Dialogue with the Dictator
  • Authoritarian Legitimation and Information Management in Putin's Russia
  • Hannah S. Chapman
  • Published online:
    15 February 2024
    Print publication:
    22 February 2024
  • Dialogue with the Dictator illuminates the ways in which authoritarian regimes structure interaction between citizens and leaders to simultaneously manage information dilemmas and build regime legitimacy. In doing so, it demonstrates the conditions under which managed participation can reinforce or jeopardize authoritarian control. Chapters uncover how these tools are viewed from the perspective of the public and the mechanisms through which they influence attitudes toward authorities. By cultivating limited opportunities for participation in otherwise closed political systems, autocrats bolster regime legitimacy while still maintaining control of the means and content of communication. These tools ultimately reinforce and entrench autocratic leaders rather than contributing to increased prospects for democracy – but not without consequences. Combining interviews, original surveys, and text analysis, the book provides a novel theoretical framework for understanding managed participation under authoritarianism and explains both its benefits and potential consequences for authoritarian regimes.

  • Social connection in long-term care homes

  • Jennifer Bethell, Andrew Sommerlad, Hannah Chapman, Neha Dewan, Madalena P. Liougas, Hannah M. O’Rourke, Katherine S. McGilton
  • Journal:
    International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 35 / Issue S1 / December 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 February 2024, pp. 20-21
    • Article
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  • Background:

    Social connection is a basic human need and is important for quality of life and care for residents in long-term care (LTC) homes. Research has established associations between aspects of social connection (e.g., social engagement, social support and loneliness) and mental health outcomes (e.g., depression). Yet, despite living in a congregate setting, those in LTC homes often experience poor social connection. Social connection has unique considerations for LTC homes, including that most residents are living with cognitive impairment or dementia, which requires a customized measurement approach.

    Research Objective:

    The social connection in long-term care home residents (SONNET) study aims to improve measurement of social connection in LTC homes by addressing three specific questions: (1) What existing measures assess social connection in LTC homes and what are their psychometric properties? (2) What do residents, families, staff and clinicians consider to be the important elements of social connection in LTC homes? (3) Can a new measure accurately assess social connection in LTC home residents?

    Method:

    The three study questions will be addressed through: (1) A systematic review of existing measures, where measures will be characterized using content analysis and COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methods; (2) Qualitative interviews with residents, families, staff and clinicians to understand important aspects of social connection, and, (3) Development and testing of a new measure of social connection in Canada and the UK.

    Preliminary results of the ongoing study:

    Previous research will be discussed, including a scoping review summarizing research evidence linking social connection to mental health outcomes as well as strategies to build and maintain social connection during the COVID-19 pandemic. The SONNET study update will include preliminary findings from the systematic review and qualitative interviews, as well as development of a conceptual model and key considerations for a new measure.

    Conclusion:

    Social connection is an important concept in LTC homes. A robust measure of social connection, developed specifically for this setting, will enable researchers and care settings to test the effects of interventions and to report outcomes at the individual-, home- and system-level.

  • P66: A systematic review of measures of social connection for people living in long-term care homes

  • Hannah Chapman, Neha Dewan, Jennifer Bethell, Madalena Liougas, Gill Livingston, Katherine S. McGilton, Andrew Sommerlad
  • Journal:
    International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 35 / Issue S1 / December 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 February 2024, pp. 118-119
    • Article
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  • Background:

    Social connection is important for health, quality of life and care in long-term care (LTC) homes. However, research on how to improve social connection in LTC has been limited by lack of consensus on best approaches to measurement.

    Research Objective:

    We will present a systematic review of measures of social connection developed for use in LTC residents, which aims to identify all existing measures and evaluate their measurement properties including structural validity, internal consistency, reliability and construct validity.

    Method:

    We are following Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) systematic review methods. We searched multiple bibliographic databases from inception to November 2021 for studies that were conducted in LTC resident populations, quantified any aspect(s) of social connection, and reported at least one psychometric property for the measure(s) of social connection. We conducted a second targeted search in April 2022 based on our list of identified measures, supplemented with a list of measures used in previous research in this population. We are currently evaluating the measurement properties reported for each identified measure in accordance with COSMIN guidelines.

    Preliminary results of the ongoing study:

    We have identified 68 studies reporting on 35 measures used to assess multiple aspects of social connection in LTC homes. The majority (n=25) were measures of quality of life, wellbeing or life satisfaction, which included a social connection subdomain, whilst only 10 measures specifically target social connection. From our pooled evaluation of 20 measures to date, we have found that 20% (n=4) have sufficient evidence of structural validity, 15% (n=3) have sufficient internal consistency, 25% (n=5) have sufficient reliability, and 15% (n=3) have sufficient construct validity.

    Conclusion:

    Many measures have been used to assess social connection in LTC settings, but few are specifically designed for this purpose and they often have insufficient evidence for psychometric properties. This review will provide detailed evidence of the quality of these measures to enable future researchers to prioritise higher quality tools and will inform our development of a new person-centred social connection measurement tool for LTC residents in the Social Connection in Long-Term Care Home Residents (SONNET) study.

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