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6 results

  • Multisite Exploration of Clinical Decision Making for Antibiotic Use by Emergency Medicine Providers Using Quantitative and Qualitative Methods

  • Larissa May, Glencora Gudger, Paige Armstrong, Gillian Brooks, Pamela Hinds, Rahul Bhat, Gregory J. Moran, Lisa Schwartz, Sara E. Cosgrove, Eili Y. Klein, Richard E. Rothman, Cynthia Rand
  • Journal: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 35 / Issue 9 / 01 September 2014
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 May 2016, pp. 1114-1125
  • Print publication: 01 September 2014
  • Objectives.

    To explore current practices and decision making regarding antimicrobial prescribing among emergency department (ED) clinical providers.

    Methods

    We conducted a survey of ED providers recruited from 8 sites in 3 cities. Using purposeful sampling, we then recruited 21 providers for in-depth interviews. Additionally, we observed 10 patient-provider interactions at one of the ED sites. SAS 9.3 was used for descriptive and predictive statistics. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a thematic, constructivist approach with consensus coding using NVivo 10.0. Field and interview notes collected during the observational study were aligned with themes identified through individual interviews.

    Results

    Of 150 survey respondents, 76% agreed or strongly agreed that antibiotics are overused in the ED, while half believed they personally did not overprescribe. Eighty-nine percent used a smartphone or tablet in the ED for antibiotic prescribing decisions. Several significant differences were found between attending and resident physicians. Interview analysis identified 42 codes aggregated into the following themes: (1) resource and environmental factors that affect care; (2) access to and quality of care received outside of the ED consult; (3) patient-provider relationships; (4) clinical inertia; and (5) local knowledge generation. The observational study revealed limited patient understanding of antibiotic use. Providers relied heavily upon diagnostics and provided limited education to patients. Most patients denied a priori expectations of being prescribed antibiotics.

    Conclusions

    Patient, provider, and healthcare system factors should be considered when designing interventions to improve antimicrobial stewardship in the ED setting.

    Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(9):1114-1125

  • 50 - Bites

  • from Part III - Special Populations
    • By Sukhjit S. Takhar, Assistant Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine, Faculty Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Fresno Medical Education Program, Fresno, CA, Gregory J. Moran, Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Emergency Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Olive View–UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
  • Edited by Rachel L. Chin, University of California, San Francisco
  • Book: Emergency Management of Infectious Diseases
  • Published online: 15 December 2009
  • Print publication: 30 June 2008, pp 309-314

  • Summary

    INTRODUCTION

    Animal and human bites are a common problem in the United States, and approximately half of all Americans will be bitten by an animal or another human during their lifetime. Caring for patients with animal or human bites focuses on treating the acute traumatic injuries and preventing the potential infectious complications.

    EPIDEMIOLOGY

    Dog bites account for 80–90% of all bites seen in emergency departments. Accurate statistics on dog bite injuries are difficult to obtain because the majority of victims do not seek medical attention. Dog bites account for 0.3–1.1% of all emergency visits. A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analysis of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) estimates that in 2001 there were 368,245 people who were treated in U.S. emergency departments for dog-bite related injuries – a rate of 129.3 per 100,000. Of the victims, 42% were younger than 14 years, with the highest injury rate seen in boys between the ages of 5 and 9 years. There are approximately 20 deaths each year in the United States as a result of dog attacks.

    Dog bites occur more often during the summer, on weekends, and in the afternoon. Most dog bites are committed by younger dogs and larger breeds such as Rottweilers, pit bulls, Huskies, and German shepherds. The victim often knows the animal and the majority of attacks are provoked.