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16 results

  • Bereavement life review improves spiritual well-being and ameliorates depression among American caregivers
  • Michiyo Ando, Felicia Marquez-Wong, Gary B. Simon, Haruko Kira, Carl Becker
  • Journal: Palliative & Supportive Care / Volume 13 / Issue 2 / April 2015
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 March 2014, pp. 319-325
  • View abstract
    Objective:

    The aim of our study was to investigate the utility of bereavement life review (BLR) to elevate spiritual well-being and alleviate depression among Hawaiian-American caregivers, and to identify changes that occur when caring for their loved ones up to the time of death.

    Method:

    Bereavement life review therapy was provided for 20 bereaved Hawaiian Americans. In the first session, subjects reviewed memories of the deceased with a therapist, who recorded their narratives and collected them into a personal history book. During the second session, subjects discussed the contents of this book. Caregivers completed the Functional Assessment Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual (FACIT–Sp) questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-II) pre- and post-intervention. Subjects also described changes in their views that occurred during the caring process in response to questions.

    Results:

    FACIT–Sp scores significantly increased from 34.1 ± 9.63 to 36.3 ± 10.6 (t = –2.6, p < 0.05, and BDI scores significantly decreased from 11.7 ± 7.7 to 8.8 ± 7.0 (t = 2.27, p < 0.05). Five categories were chosen from the narratives on changes that had occurred during caregiving and due to the deceased death: “Learning from practical caring experience,” “Positive understanding of patients,” “Recognition of appreciation,” “Self-change or growth,” and “Obtaining a philosophy.”

    Significance of Results:

    These findings show the applicability of bereavement life review therapy for Hawaiian families, including efficacy for spiritual well-being and depression. The comments of the caregivers also indicate the potential of the therapy for identifying the positive aspects of caring for terminally ill patients.

  • 9 - Habits, Addictions, and Traditions (1991)
  • Edited by Donald P. Jacobs, Northwestern University, Illinois, Ehud Kalai, Northwestern University, Illinois, Morton I. Kamien, Northwestern University, Illinois, Nancy L. Schwartz
  • Book: Frontiers of Research in Economic Theory
  • Published online: 05 January 2013
  • Print publication: 13 November 1998, pp 123-141
  • View extract

    Summary

    INTRODUCTION

    It is a great honor and privilege to be this year's Nancy Schwartz Lecturer, given the distinguished economists who preceded me, and the person honored by the series. I did not know Nancy Schwartz well personally, but I have known and learned from her work. Economic theory and industrial organization lost an important contributor at too early an age.

    The usual assumption in most discussions of behavior over time is that choices today are not directly dependent on choices in the past. The great economist J. R. Hicks expressed strong disapproval of this assumption:

    It is nonsense that successive consumptions are independent; the normal condition is that there is a strong complementarity between them.

    [1965, page 261]

    It is ironic that this sentence comes at the end of a rather lengthy monograph on economic growth that relies throughout on the independence assumption.

  • Preface
  • Edited by Mariano Tommasi, University of California, Los Angeles, Kathryn Ierulli, University of Illinois, Chicago
  • Foreword by Gary Becker
  • Book: The New Economics of Human Behaviour
  • Published online: 03 December 2009
  • Print publication: 24 August 1995, pp xv-xviii
  • View extract

    Summary

    Jacob Viner, the great University of Chicago and Princeton economist, apparently once defined economics as what economists “do.” By this definition, the scope of a field is determined by the subject matter addressed by the theories prevailing in that field. And by this definition, economics has changed enormously during the past four decades, for what economists “do” has been revolutionized.

    Someone entering the study of economics in the 1950s, when I did, would have found a modest theory of consumer spending on goods in the marketplace, a theory of profit-maximizing firms and market equilibrium under competition, monopoly, and other market structures, a theory of the demand for labor and capital based on given production functions and factor prices, and a rudimentary theory of public choice where governments tried to maximize “social welfare.”

    Many of the most interesting social and economic issues were left out, perhaps to be studied by sociologists, political scientists, and psychologists. Economists failed to recognize that men and women not only buy apples and cars, but they also have children, rear and educate them, marry and divorce, buy luxury goods to gain prestige, take care of elderly parents without direct compensation, smoke and drink heavily, engage in crime, and discriminate sometimes viciously against blacks, Jews, women, and others.

The New Economics of Human Behaviour
  • The New Economics of Human Behaviour
  • Edited by Mariano Tommasi, Kathryn Ierulli
  • Foreword by Gary Becker
  • Published online: 03 December 2009
  • Print publication: 24 August 1995
  • View description
    This 1995 volume views important social and political issues through the eyes of economists. Pioneered by Gary Becker, this approach asserts that all actions, whether working, playing, dating, or mating, have economic motivations and consequences, and can be analysed using economic reasoning. Intended as an introduction to the current state of the field, the essays are informal and non-technical, while still using up-to-date economic reasoning to illuminate such topics as crime, marriage, discrimination, immigration, fads and fashions. The expanding domain of economics is illustrated, as problems from sociology, political science, anthropology, and public policy are all included in this Beckerian view: the world of human interaction, as seen by an economist.