Among the solar proxies, κ1 Cet, stands out as potentially having a mass very close to solar and a young age. We report magnetic field measurements and planetary habitability consequences around this star, a proxy of the young Sun when life arose on Earth. Magnetic strength was determined from spectropolarimetric observations and we reconstruct the large-scale surface magnetic field to derive the magnetic environment, stellar winds, and particle flux permeating the interplanetary medium around κ1 Cet. Our results show a closer magnetosphere and mass-loss rate 50 times larger than the current solar wind mass-loss rate when Life arose on Earth, resulting in a larger interaction via space weather disturbances between the stellar wind and a hypothetical young-Earth analogue, potentially affecting the habitability. Interaction of the wind from the young Sun with the planetary ancient magnetic field may have affected the young Earth and its life conditions.

Introduction: Vancouver Coastal Health (VCH) emergency physicians have been on contract based funding models for two decades. On October 1, 2015, physicians at one hospital (SPH) switched to fee-for-service (FFS) payments. Conventional wisdom is that FFS physicians are motivated to see more patients quickly and achieve higher throughput. Our hypothesis was that FFS payment would reduce patient wait times. Methods: This interrupted time series analysis with concurrent control was performed in VCH Region, where there are two tertiary EDs. During the 20-week study period (July 15-Nov 30), VGH remained on contract, while SPH converted to FFS (the intervention). VCH administrative data was aggregated by week. Our primary outcome was median wait time to MD. Secondary outcomes were ED LOS and left-without-being-seen (LWBS) rates. Results: Interrupted time series plots will be presented for the data. Data from 67,214 ED visits were analyzed (31,733 SPH, 35,481 VGH). Figure 1 shows that baseline wait time was 74 minutes at the control and 53 minutes at the intervention site. During the pre-intervention period, there was a non-significant downward trend of 0.4 minutes per week at the intervention hospital relative to control (p=0.26). After FFS conversion, there was a 4.1 minute increase in wait time at the control site (p=0.18), and a significant downward trend of 1.4 minutes per week (p=0.001). After FFS conversion, wait times at the intervention site increased by 4.8 minutes more than control (p-value for the difference=0.27), and the wait time trend increased significantly by 1.3 minutes per week relative to the expected counterfactual trend (p=0.02). Baseline EDLOS for discharged patients was 227 minutes at the control hospital and 193 minutes at the intervention site. There were similar pre-intervention LOS increases at both hospitals. Post-intervention, both sites saw significant increases in EDLOS, followed by a similar downward trends of -2.68 minutes per week (p=0.001). Baseline LWBS rate was 3.86% at the control hospital and 3.56% at the intervention site. Pre-intervention trends, and post-intervention level/trend changes did not differ by site. Conclusion: Conversion to FFS payment was associated with an increase in wait time trend of 1.3 minutes per week relative to control. There were no significant changes in EDLOS or LWBS rates. In this preliminary analysis, FFS payment had little effect on wait times or patient throughput.

κ1 Cet (HD 20630, HIP 15457, d = 9.16 pc, V = 4.84) is a dwarf star approximately 30 light-years away in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. Among the solar proxies studied in the Sun in Time, κ1 Cet stands out as potentially having a mass very close to solar and a young age. On this study, we monitored the magnetic field and the chromospheric activity from the Ca II H & K lines of κ1 Cet. We used the technique of Least-Square-Deconvolution (LSD, Donati et al. 1997) by simultaneously extracting the information contained in all 8,000 photospheric lines of the echelogram (for a linelist matching an atmospheric model of spectral type K1). To reconstruct a reliable magnetic map and characterize the surface differential rotation of κ1 Cet we used 14 exposures spread over 2 months, in order to cover at least two rotational cycles (Prot ~9.2 days). The Least Square deconvolution (LSD) technique was applied to detect the Zeeman signature of the magnetic field in each of our 14 observations and to measure its longitudinal component. In order to reconstruct the magnetic field geometry of κ1 Cet, we applied the Zeeman Doppler Imaging (ZDI) inversion method. ZDI revealed a structure in the radial magnetic field consisting of a polar magnetic spot. On this study, we present the fisrt look results of a high-resolution spectropolarimetric campaign to characterize the activity and the magnetic fields of this young solar proxy.

IAU Commission 6 “Astronomical Telegrams” had a single business meeting during the Beijing General Assembly of the IAU. It took place on Friday, August 24, 2012. The meeting was attended by five C6 members (N. N. Samus; D. W. E. Green; S. Nakano; J. Ticha; and H. Yamaoka). Also present was Prof. F. Genova as a representative of the IAU Division B. She told the audience about the current restructuring of IAU Commissions and Divisions and consequences for the future of C6.

As earlier, the main activity of the Commission was performed by the Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (CBAT), effectively directed by Dan Green. These three years were a difficult period for the Bureau and thus for the Commission because the Bureau unexpectedly had to move from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, its home since 1965, to the Harvard University's Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. This move caused many serious administrative and logistical problems, effectively solved by the CBAT Director, Dan Green, and CBAT Director Emeritus, Brian Marsden. A great shock, not only for our commission but for the whole astronomical community, was Brian's death on November 18, 2010.

The activity of the Minor Planet Center continued generally to increase during the triennium. This report covers the period 2008 July 1 to 2011 October 12, and the phrase “during the triennium” in this report should be understood to mean this period.

The President verbally reported that the only scientific matter that he dealt with during the triennium as an appeal over the withholding of a supernova designation from an object observed only in the infra-red with no supporting spectrum.

The CSBN meeting held in Rio de Janeiro on August 11 was attended by just six members, including Pam Kilmartin as the acting chair, and several visitors. Since there was not a quorum of members, it was not possible to make any decisions. But there was a good discussion on many topics, from which several points emerged that should be more fully discussed by the whole committee during the next few months:

The meeting was attended by 5 members of the WG (E. Bowell, G. Consolmagno, R. Courtain, R. Lopez, R. Schulz) one Task Group member (J. Watanabe), and several guests from the CSBN and CBAT. It was decided at the beginning of the meeting that the attending members of the WGPSN would discuss matters, provide their opinion or vote, and then ask the other 8 formal members to do the same via email. As a consequence the following discussed items have been agreed by majority vote of the WG members.

The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) has recently conducted an extragalactic submillimetric survey of the Chandra Deep Field South region of unprecedented size, depth, and angular resolution in three wavebands centered at 250, 350, and 500 µm. BLAST wavelengths are chosen to study the Cosmic Infrared Background near its peak at 200 µm. We find that most of the CIB at these wavelengths is contributed by galaxies detected at 24 µm by the MIPS instrument on Spitzer, and that the source counts distribution shows a population with strongly evolving density and luminosity. These results anticipate what can be expected from the surveys that will be conducted with the SPIRE instrument on the Herschel space observatory.

Research conducted on biomass for Ulcos (“Ultra- Low CO2 Steelmaking” European Integrated Project) has progressively focused on charcoal supply from tropical eucalyptus plantations. The sustainability of such plantations is being investigated from the viewpoint of their carbon, water and nutrient budgets: they must all be neutral or positive. Field research is producing results at the tree or stand level in several sites of Congo and Brazil, while a spatial model is developed to identify the conditions of biomass neutrality at the scale of the forest ecosystem. The productivity of biomass has been analyzed through the description of practices along the Abstracts of technical articles various supply-schemes that competitively feed the steel industry in Brazil and the identification of bottlenecks for further expansion.

Mood swings accompanying the motor fluctuations of patients with Parkinson's disease on chronic levodopa treatment frequently occur, but are poorly recognized. Occasionally, their functional impact may be greater than that caused by the motor disability itself.

In this study we have assessed the nature of, and relationship between, mood and motor fluctuations in nine Parkinsonian patients with ‘on—off’ motor swings. The results of an additional questionnaire survey confirm that ‘on–off’ mood swings occur in approximately two thirds of patients with Parkinson's disease experiencing motor fluctuations on dopaminergic treatment. Aetiological and therapeutic implications are discussed.

Patients with Parkinson's disease, 132 in number, were followed up after approximately one year, and measures of depression and disability re-administered. Depression was common on both occasions, and was characterized by dysphoria, pessimism and somatic symptoms, but not guilt or self-blame. Depression and disability were associated on both occasions. The relationship between changes in disability and depression across time was complex. In trying to understand changes in depression, the absolute change in disability may be less important than the relative change and rate of change. The results were discussed in relation to findings from other disease groups, and the implications for the clinical management of depression in Parkinson's disease.

In 1979, maternal and child health issues were discussed during the annual meeting of the 33 Member States of the European Region of the World Health Organization. During this discussion many countries expressed concern about the services offered for pregnancy, birth and the period following birth. The countries recognized that, as yet, unsolved problems remain which must be examined and they asked the European Regional Office of WHO to mount activities to study and report on these problems surrounding birth and birth care. In response to this request, the maternal and child health unit of the European Regional Office organized a Perinatal Study Group. The Group's 15 members came from 10 countries and spanned 10 professional disciplines: economics, epidemiology, health administration, midwifery, nursing, obstetrics, pediatrics, psychology, sociology, and statistics. For five years the Group conducted surveys, reviewed the literature and brought its own personal and professional experience to discussions of the health services for women and their babies, during pregnancy and birth, and after birth. The entire group met together at least once a year, at which time findings from the previous year's work were presented, followed by lengthy, sometimes heated, open and free discussions.

The activity of the Minor Planet Center continued generally to increase during the two triennia covered by this report, principally because of the continuing success of the surveys for near-earth objects. Chief among these has been the Lincoln (Laboratory) Near-Earth Asteroid Research Project, or LINEAR, which is credited with the discovery of slightly more than half of all the minor planets that have been numbered, although since 2005 the Catalina Sky Survey and Mount Lemmon Survey in Arizona and the Siding Spring Survey in New South Wales (all three of which, together with the long-lasting Spacewatch Survey, are operated from the University of Arizona) have come to dominate the field. The total number of observations of minor planets in the MPC's files more than doubled from 14.1 million in mid-2002 to 30.9 million in mid-2005, with almost another doubling, to 55.4 million, in mid-2008.

The Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature (WG-PSN) develops, maintains and publishes guidelines for naming natural satellites of planets and surface features on all solar system bodies except Earth. When required the WG approves lists of new nomenclature, with accompanying explanatory notes, based on the established guidelines. Approved names are immediately added into the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Objections based on significant, substantive problems may be submitted within a 3-months period, and will be ruled on by Division III.

A total of 701 comets received names between July 2005 and June 2008. Comets observed only from the SOHO and STEREO missions, as well as further comets recognized from the long-defunct SOLWIND satellite, accounted for 520 of these names.

From Director Dan Green's report, following this report, it is obvious that the Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (CBAT) continues its excellent work. The Electronic Telegrams (CBETs), established in the previous triennium, have become the regular means for fast communication, with the Circulars providing the official and archival record of discoveries and designations. It is regretted that subscriptions to the printed Circulars continue to decline, but inevitable in this age of electronic communication.