Feeding non-digestible, fermentable carbohydrates that do not lead to increased viscosity may reduce risk of enteric disorders arising from feeding high protein diets to newly weaned pigs (Wellock et al. 2007). Lactose and inulin are such fermentable carbohydrates. Lactose is fermented at a relatively high rate, and would thus affect gut environment in the distal ileum and proximal large intestine. In contrast, inulin is fermented more slowly and would be expected to affect gut environment in the proximal and distal large intestine. Consequently, their combined use could be expected to affect gut environment throughout the distal gastrointestinal tract, and through their prebiotic action reduce risk of enteric disorders (Wellock et al. 2007). The objective of the current experiment was to investigate the combined effects of lactose level and inulin inclusion on the performance and health of weaned pigs in the immediate post weaning period, in the absence of anti-microbial growth promoters, therapeutic levels of ZnO and CuSO4 in a commercial, large-scale facility.

Pseudoplesiops immaculatus is described from 72 specimens from throughout the West Pacific and the eastern and central Indian Ocean. It is distinguished from congeners in having, in combination, a prominent intermandibular flap and an unspotted operculum. Pseudoplesiops occidentalis is described from five specimens from the Maldive Islands, central Indian Ocean. It is distinguished from congeners in having, in combination, II,23 dorsal-fin rays, 26–28 scales in lateral series, and scales with distinct centres and radii in all fields.

The Fezzan Project is investigating the last 10,000 years of human settlement, landscape evolution and climatic change in the Germa region in southern Libya. The second season in February–March 1998 comprised interdisciplinary research in archaeology and geography, centred around excavation and survey work carried out at the site of Old Germa. To date, three phases of mud brick buildings have been partially explored. In addition, wider geomorphological study and archaeological survey and fieldwalking were carried out elsewhere in the Germa/Twesh oasis and around el-Hatiya. Numerous sites were discovered, including a new hillfort of Zinchecra type and several valley centre ‘villages’ of Garamantian/Roman date. Artefactual studies were carried out on pottery and lithics, animal bones and seeds. Further work on the subterranean irrigation features, the foggaras, have confirmed their pre-Islamic origins.